I'm not particularly disappointed that the instrument only sounds loud, the thing that strikes me is that all of the registers have that same, sweet, clearly-singing, sustaining quality - even the extreme treble; that is terrific! A good instrument for JS Bach - the later, larger 5-8ve, fret free, double-strung instruments have too rich and distant a sound to bring out separate voices very well. This instrument gives promise of a decent ,,Bachfaehigkeit"
oh...contact vibration...same principle as if you placed a vibrating tuning fork on a table...gotcha. Still your performance was LOUD, clear and quite good! ;]
According to Sir James Jeans in his book 'Science & Music' he shows a list of many stringed instruments & the clavichord had the most harmonic overtones per note than all the others. Meaning every note isn't just one note there are others below & obove it that resonate at the same time, the clavichord simply has the most sound going on especially higher octave harmonics at the same time in the lower registers. I think it sounds better than all other keyboard instruments.
also try ernststolz here on youtube, he is a fantastic musician and has many clavichord pieces on his chanel, especially by CPE Bach, bachs son and lover of the clavichord, and hes got some early/mid baroque by flemish composers like Sweelink
I haven't seen the title page. He might have used the generic term for keyboard, "Clavier", or specific terms for harpsichord, such as "clavessin" or "Cembalo". Harpichord would surely have been the instrument of choice, as it is with many performers. In BWV 913, a switch to D-minor is marked "piano" before returning to D major a few bars later, which is marked "forte", suggesting
Very nice. You being a clavichord player and all, perhaps you can dispel/confirm something for me. I hear this keyboard instrument can actually produce vibratos if you shake the key after pushing it down. True? Not tru? Bosh? Bollocks? Waht's your take?
Completely true. It's a direct action -- really just a simple lever, really -- so w/ a bit of extra pressure it's perfectly possible to leave the hammer (which is usually quite thin and metallic) in contact w/ the string and pulse the key to generate a kind of vibrato.
Fascinating. Thank you for clarifying. I wonder why it isn't used more often then. I borrowed a few C.P.E. Bach cds from my college library and it was some his keyboard works on a clavichord. I wonder why the gentleman playing the instrument didn't use vibrato to ornament his pieces. Is it frowned upon or just uncommon? Was it ever common?
definitely true! it's called bebung... since you have direct contact to the string. just like with a guitar, vibrating at the point of contact changes the pressure on the string hence producing a different pitch
I had a FEELING it was Bach! Read this comment after hearing the piece. WONDERFUL PLAYING. Rich sound. Isn't the clavichord the true precursor of the piano? And here's a silly, crazy question! I've always wondered what a clavichord - a harpsichord - a fortepiano - or the virginals - would sound like if they had 88 keys and a body that was the size of a concert grand. Okay, crazy question, but could any musician explain why this would make no sense?
Hey there, well the action on all those instruments are different, Harpsichord and virginals are plucked and eventually the notes above their normal 5 octave range would be much to high/low to keep in tune, or may snap especially the high ones, also the sound board of a concert grand would probably start to drown out the sound - they would be very quiet. And as for a fortepiano they have hammers but they only produce one volume of sound, so it would make litte difference. Clavichords R to quiet
Hey Vitruvium! :-) Thanks so much for this info. I understand now, and I guess such an attempt to build larger versions of these instruments has thus never made made? I would love to hear more music played on the clavichord. Any suggestions? Wasn't this Bach's favorite instrument to practice on? One last question for now: is there a concert grand out there that has a split damper? I wonder how such a feature might alter a pianist's approach to touch and pedaling!
There has probably been attempts for experimental purposes, but like i said they would have been crap. At the time of Bach the clavichord was the instrument capable of a type of varying volume called 'bebung' and it was favoured by bach and others like Mozart later on, because it was quiet and small. Yes all concert grands have split dampening, it is the most left hand pedal, and instead of hitting all the strings for that note, it will hit less, creating a more delicate sound.
I'd love to hear them ANYway! (:-D I have long known about bebung - but would like to learn about the difference between gebunden and bundfrei clavichords. Is one preferable to the other? And I was fascinated to hear a PEDAL clavichord yesterday. I also saw a video of Iturbi playing a piano with some 7 pedals, and have heard a recital on a 3 manual pedal harpsichord. Beautiful. I meant a split damper like on a fortepiano, where just the treble rings out in forte passagework, not the una corda
Some of Beethoven's instruments had split dampers meaning that one lever raised the dampers on the treble and the other raised the treble. Some scholars see the how this could affect the playing of his sonatas.
Bebung is a vibrato/tremolo you can do on the clavichord because you are still in direct contact with the strings after the key hits them. (usually 2 strings per key on the clavichord). After you press down a key you can press harder and lighter to get a varying vibrato.
Bebung is a type of vibrato unique to the clavichord. It has nothing to do with volume. Neither the piano nor the fortepiano are capable of Bebung.
The advantage of the clavichord over other keyboard instruments was its ability to vary volume of each note and to embellish the note with Bebung; the disadvantage was the small sound of the instrument.
There's no evidence that Bach favored the clavichord.
The inventory of his estate listed 7 harpsichords (he was in the harpsichord rental biz), 3 violins, 3 violas, 1 small bass, 2 cellos, 1 viola da gamba, and 1 lute --- but not even one clavichord.
Besides renting out harpsichords, he also brokered fortepianos.
The 3-part ricercar from the Musical Offering was probably intended for fortepiano.
If the fortepiano plays sound at a fixed volume then it is certainly a curious that: First, they are named "fortepiano"; and second, that the music written for them idicates instruction for audio-dynamics.
But naturally we are still i the era of the conintuo player, so they could improvise more built up chords to simulate cresendo/diminuendo or forte etc by their harmonic texture, also fortepianos did have 3 pedels like modern ones which could enable dampners etc so hence you would achieve a pianissimo perhaps? the art of dynamics in this period was alot to do with texture and playing speed.
I apologize for my sarcasm: I meant to illuminate that the fortepiano actually _was_ capable of producing varied sound-amplitudes--it is the very purpose of the instrument and thus it is so named.
The fortepiano is the ancestor of the piano, the main difference between it an modern pianos is the fact that it's hammers are wrapped with leather rather than felt. This gives it a much harsher sound. The real name of a piano is a piano forte. Both fortepiano and pianoforte are derived from the original name of the invention which was called a harpsichord with both soft and loud. A harpsichord does not have the same capacity for dynamics as a piano.
I don't believe the choice of hammer-wrapping to be the primary nor a significant difference between the two instruments. The unique timbre of the fortepiano is more responsible from lack of metal framing, thin and paired parallel stringing, and light case and soundboard structure quite like the harpsichord. The timbre changes notably in from the lower to upper registers unlike the more uniformly sweet pianoforte--evidence alone that the hammer-wrapping is of the least responsible for timbre.
The fortepiano appeared in Italy around 1700, when Bach was a young teenager.
We know Bach tried out Silbermann's fortepianos in the 1730s and criticized the action as being too heavy and the upper register to soft. In 1747 he played (new and improved) Silbermann fortepianos at a famous occassion at Prussian court, and apparently approved of them.
The 3-part ricercar from Mus. Off. is prob. based on a piece Bach improvised for the Prussian king on fortepiano.
In the 1700s the harpsichord, clavichord and fortepiano coexisted. Fortepianos were more expensive than harpsichords and few people, apart from the nobility, could afford them. The harpsichord remained the instrument of choice for accompaniment until the continuo practice was gradually abandoned in Mozart's time.
yes, but coexistence was only a short prelude to the destruction and devastation that followed. harpsichords and clavichords were reduced to mere novelty or "oldies" acts, and nearly died out. most were forcibly removed from all areas where the piano reigned supreme, happily, many of these plucky keyboard instruments were able to persevere, and even thrive, and now have a home on youtube.
"Most were forcibly removed"? By whom? The piano police?
"short prelude"?
Harpsichord & clavichord existed centuries before fortepiano AND piano and continued to be used in Mozart and Haydn's time.
Fortepiano predates piano by more than 100 years.
Damper pedals didn't appear until 19th c. Before that, it was a knee stop (before that, a hand stop) that could be changed only during a pause in the music.
In a misguided effort to realize 18th c. music on the 19th c. instruments used by the 20th c. modern orchestras, the 1950s -1960s produced metal-framed harpsichords with big volume to compete with big orchestras. YouTube has Gould playing these so-called "harpsichords". As you might expect, these 20th c. "harpischords" have a distinctly different sound (apart from volume) compared to harpsichords modeled after historic instruments of the Baroque.
BTW, I heard that some builders are making clavichords with aluminum frames in order to support higher string tension and produce a bigger volume. Perhaps they use mutliple stringz for each note.
Heya, WC - I really appreciated reading your responses, and am actually touched that someone would take time out to answer questions and so update me as you have. Many thanks! (:-D) And I would love to hear these newer clavichords!
Good playing. It sounds really loud. Is that really how loud it is in the room or is it amp'ed up for on the recording? I have a clavichord that is much more quiet.
Hello, and thanks! Great! Is this a fretted or unfretted instrument, and does it have double or single strings? Can you record for us something with a wider dynamic range and more use of bedung, and also a little less overloaded audio so we can hear the full tone of the instrument? Thank you!
Thanks Michael! I think the sound is okay, but it could be better. It's mostly for practice, the tone could be somewhat warmer. I didn't build it myself though. Dick Verwolf is the builder. If you search google with 'dick verwolf clavichord', you'll find his homepage. Good luck with your instrument, and be sure to drop me a line when you've built it and recorded something on it :)
what toccata from Bach is this? I like it! Louis XVII learned this at 6 years old, but played at a faster tempo like a saloon piano player.
ramonasidneybaker 2 months ago
Got to love that sound. Thank you!
danielkirk1 2 months ago
Amazing !!!! Bravo!
zubnik1 3 months ago
great job, very fine instrument: but what do you think bout this kind of instrument
tastogiusto 4 months ago
nice use of bebung.
TheStatue1 7 months ago
The Sabathil & Son Clavichord demonstration - Well-Tempered Clavichord
is totally out of tune - so they don't "approve" my comment.
TheRepub 9 months ago
I'm not particularly disappointed that the instrument only sounds loud, the thing that strikes me is that all of the registers have that same, sweet, clearly-singing, sustaining quality - even the extreme treble; that is terrific! A good instrument for JS Bach - the later, larger 5-8ve, fret free, double-strung instruments have too rich and distant a sound to bring out separate voices very well. This instrument gives promise of a decent ,,Bachfaehigkeit"
JoelvanLennep 11 months ago 2
Thank you!
theemperorsclothes 1 year ago
AAA!! I want it!!
leporello56 1 year ago
beautiful playing
noiseinthevoid 1 year ago
PLEASE! what piece is this?
budzillab 1 year ago
@budzillab BWV 914 Bach Toccata in e
Josephysky 1 year ago
@Josephysky Thank you very much :)
budzillab 1 year ago
Why would equal temperament sound better than well temperament? The reason for them being so out of tune would be lack of maintainance.
Nice playing, btw. The sound is very different from that of a harpsichord.
tunglour 2 years ago
sounds very in tune. most clavichords on youtube sound horrible.
LazyBastard69 2 years ago
@LazyBastard69
I can't say for sure, but some of them may not be tuned to equal temperament.
nickmorgan19457 2 years ago
That's the way to play this instrument!
people usually play it so violently stumping on the strings only to get a distorted sound.
8RR8R8 2 years ago 7
Very good sound for a Clavichord!!
ahgblopes 2 years ago
Probably the loudest clavichord I ever heard, and by the sound of it, it's probably only 1 string per note.
yermyahu 2 years ago
Well, it's actually pretty soft. I think since the photo camera was standing on the soundboard it got so loud...
jbweimar 2 years ago
oh...contact vibration...same principle as if you placed a vibrating tuning fork on a table...gotcha. Still your performance was LOUD, clear and quite good! ;]
yermyahu 2 years ago
@yermyahu
That's exactly what I thought. I have a large clavichord and it doesn't sound this loud when I'm playing it.
lotus49a 1 year ago
Hi,
What kind of clavichord is this?
Thank you.
Steven
sab15yt 2 years ago
after Stein, one string per note. from around 1750
jbweimar 2 years ago
Bravo for this interpretation, it is really excellent and your sound... waow !
Could you please tell us the exact name of this piece?
Kepp playing music like this!
dearodear 3 years ago
This is the adagio of Bach's toccata in E minor BWV 914.
There is a newer edition of this piece (Urtext, 1970) which is to be recommended, in my opinion.
jcgosselin 3 years ago
What music is this?
alphachapmtl 3 years ago
Wow, your tuning prowess is to be congratulated. well regulated instrument too. Nice job and you play well!
rustydog1236 3 years ago
Dit is toch de 914? waarom alleen het middendeel?
daandwars 3 years ago
1) ja 2) omdat ik alleen dat heb opgenomen...
jbweimar 3 years ago
@jbweimar is jy nederlands or afrikaans?
brokentoedspoon 1 year ago
@brokentoedspoon nederlands... sorry for the late reply :)
jbweimar 1 year ago
good interpretation, and perfect hands position, very well.
piriapolis2008 3 years ago
Wow. I think the clavichord is my new favorite instrument. Very lovely.
p0lyph0ny 3 years ago
According to Sir James Jeans in his book 'Science & Music' he shows a list of many stringed instruments & the clavichord had the most harmonic overtones per note than all the others. Meaning every note isn't just one note there are others below & obove it that resonate at the same time, the clavichord simply has the most sound going on especially higher octave harmonics at the same time in the lower registers. I think it sounds better than all other keyboard instruments.
asherasator 3 years ago
which toccata is this?
LongDriveChamp03 3 years ago
also try ernststolz here on youtube, he is a fantastic musician and has many clavichord pieces on his chanel, especially by CPE Bach, bachs son and lover of the clavichord, and hes got some early/mid baroque by flemish composers like Sweelink
Vitruvium 3 years ago
was this written for clavichord or did you transcribe it?
MillyProductions 3 years ago
i dont know what it was orignally written for but it could have been cembalo. anyway, i didnt transcribe it
jbweimar 3 years ago
Bach never specified clavichord for any piece.
I haven't seen the title page. He might have used the generic term for keyboard, "Clavier", or specific terms for harpsichord, such as "clavessin" or "Cembalo". Harpichord would surely have been the instrument of choice, as it is with many performers. In BWV 913, a switch to D-minor is marked "piano" before returning to D major a few bars later, which is marked "forte", suggesting
a 2 manual harpsichord.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
Beautiful
slopeylopey 3 years ago
Very nice. You being a clavichord player and all, perhaps you can dispel/confirm something for me. I hear this keyboard instrument can actually produce vibratos if you shake the key after pushing it down. True? Not tru? Bosh? Bollocks? Waht's your take?
philomelodia 3 years ago
Completely true. It's a direct action -- really just a simple lever, really -- so w/ a bit of extra pressure it's perfectly possible to leave the hammer (which is usually quite thin and metallic) in contact w/ the string and pulse the key to generate a kind of vibrato.
amc654 3 years ago
Fascinating. Thank you for clarifying. I wonder why it isn't used more often then. I borrowed a few C.P.E. Bach cds from my college library and it was some his keyboard works on a clavichord. I wonder why the gentleman playing the instrument didn't use vibrato to ornament his pieces. Is it frowned upon or just uncommon? Was it ever common?
philomelodia 3 years ago
definitely true! it's called bebung... since you have direct contact to the string. just like with a guitar, vibrating at the point of contact changes the pressure on the string hence producing a different pitch
jbweimar 3 years ago
This is one loud clavichord
wolfgang7445 3 years ago
nice job :-)
both the playing and the recording ;-)
FidelC2k 4 years ago
I love this piece and video. Can you tell me the composer. I want to play it for myself :)
EnhedunsZeit 4 years ago
thanks. it's a toccata by bach (in E minor)
good luck :)
jbweimar 4 years ago
I had a FEELING it was Bach! Read this comment after hearing the piece. WONDERFUL PLAYING. Rich sound. Isn't the clavichord the true precursor of the piano? And here's a silly, crazy question! I've always wondered what a clavichord - a harpsichord - a fortepiano - or the virginals - would sound like if they had 88 keys and a body that was the size of a concert grand. Okay, crazy question, but could any musician explain why this would make no sense?
Noshirm 3 years ago
Hey there, well the action on all those instruments are different, Harpsichord and virginals are plucked and eventually the notes above their normal 5 octave range would be much to high/low to keep in tune, or may snap especially the high ones, also the sound board of a concert grand would probably start to drown out the sound - they would be very quiet. And as for a fortepiano they have hammers but they only produce one volume of sound, so it would make litte difference. Clavichords R to quiet
Vitruvium 3 years ago
Hey Vitruvium! :-) Thanks so much for this info. I understand now, and I guess such an attempt to build larger versions of these instruments has thus never made made? I would love to hear more music played on the clavichord. Any suggestions? Wasn't this Bach's favorite instrument to practice on? One last question for now: is there a concert grand out there that has a split damper? I wonder how such a feature might alter a pianist's approach to touch and pedaling!
Noshirm 3 years ago
There has probably been attempts for experimental purposes, but like i said they would have been crap. At the time of Bach the clavichord was the instrument capable of a type of varying volume called 'bebung' and it was favoured by bach and others like Mozart later on, because it was quiet and small. Yes all concert grands have split dampening, it is the most left hand pedal, and instead of hitting all the strings for that note, it will hit less, creating a more delicate sound.
Vitruvium 3 years ago
I'd love to hear them ANYway! (:-D I have long known about bebung - but would like to learn about the difference between gebunden and bundfrei clavichords. Is one preferable to the other? And I was fascinated to hear a PEDAL clavichord yesterday. I also saw a video of Iturbi playing a piano with some 7 pedals, and have heard a recital on a 3 manual pedal harpsichord. Beautiful. I meant a split damper like on a fortepiano, where just the treble rings out in forte passagework, not the una corda
Noshirm 3 years ago
Some of Beethoven's instruments had split dampers meaning that one lever raised the dampers on the treble and the other raised the treble. Some scholars see the how this could affect the playing of his sonatas.
Bebung is a vibrato/tremolo you can do on the clavichord because you are still in direct contact with the strings after the key hits them. (usually 2 strings per key on the clavichord). After you press down a key you can press harder and lighter to get a varying vibrato.
SFChristo 3 years ago
Bebung is a type of vibrato unique to the clavichord. It has nothing to do with volume. Neither the piano nor the fortepiano are capable of Bebung.
The advantage of the clavichord over other keyboard instruments was its ability to vary volume of each note and to embellish the note with Bebung; the disadvantage was the small sound of the instrument.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
There's no evidence that Bach favored the clavichord.
The inventory of his estate listed 7 harpsichords (he was in the harpsichord rental biz), 3 violins, 3 violas, 1 small bass, 2 cellos, 1 viola da gamba, and 1 lute --- but not even one clavichord.
Besides renting out harpsichords, he also brokered fortepianos.
The 3-part ricercar from the Musical Offering was probably intended for fortepiano.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
If the fortepiano plays sound at a fixed volume then it is certainly a curious that: First, they are named "fortepiano"; and second, that the music written for them idicates instruction for audio-dynamics.
dolofonos 3 years ago
But naturally we are still i the era of the conintuo player, so they could improvise more built up chords to simulate cresendo/diminuendo or forte etc by their harmonic texture, also fortepianos did have 3 pedels like modern ones which could enable dampners etc so hence you would achieve a pianissimo perhaps? the art of dynamics in this period was alot to do with texture and playing speed.
Vitruvium 3 years ago
I apologize for my sarcasm: I meant to illuminate that the fortepiano actually _was_ capable of producing varied sound-amplitudes--it is the very purpose of the instrument and thus it is so named.
dolofonos 3 years ago
The fortepiano is the ancestor of the piano, the main difference between it an modern pianos is the fact that it's hammers are wrapped with leather rather than felt. This gives it a much harsher sound. The real name of a piano is a piano forte. Both fortepiano and pianoforte are derived from the original name of the invention which was called a harpsichord with both soft and loud. A harpsichord does not have the same capacity for dynamics as a piano.
originalpckelly 3 years ago
I don't believe the choice of hammer-wrapping to be the primary nor a significant difference between the two instruments. The unique timbre of the fortepiano is more responsible from lack of metal framing, thin and paired parallel stringing, and light case and soundboard structure quite like the harpsichord. The timbre changes notably in from the lower to upper registers unlike the more uniformly sweet pianoforte--evidence alone that the hammer-wrapping is of the least responsible for timbre.
dolofonos 3 years ago
The fortepiano appeared in Italy around 1700, when Bach was a young teenager.
We know Bach tried out Silbermann's fortepianos in the 1730s and criticized the action as being too heavy and the upper register to soft. In 1747 he played (new and improved) Silbermann fortepianos at a famous occassion at Prussian court, and apparently approved of them.
The 3-part ricercar from Mus. Off. is prob. based on a piece Bach improvised for the Prussian king on fortepiano.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
In the 1700s the harpsichord, clavichord and fortepiano coexisted. Fortepianos were more expensive than harpsichords and few people, apart from the nobility, could afford them. The harpsichord remained the instrument of choice for accompaniment until the continuo practice was gradually abandoned in Mozart's time.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
yes, but coexistence was only a short prelude to the destruction and devastation that followed. harpsichords and clavichords were reduced to mere novelty or "oldies" acts, and nearly died out. most were forcibly removed from all areas where the piano reigned supreme, happily, many of these plucky keyboard instruments were able to persevere, and even thrive, and now have a home on youtube.
oeppevnvpeb 2 years ago
"destruction"?
"devastation"?
"Most were forcibly removed"? By whom? The piano police?
"short prelude"?
Harpsichord & clavichord existed centuries before fortepiano AND piano and continued to be used in Mozart and Haydn's time.
Fortepiano predates piano by more than 100 years.
Damper pedals didn't appear until 19th c. Before that, it was a knee stop (before that, a hand stop) that could be changed only during a pause in the music.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
In a misguided effort to realize 18th c. music on the 19th c. instruments used by the 20th c. modern orchestras, the 1950s -1960s produced metal-framed harpsichords with big volume to compete with big orchestras. YouTube has Gould playing these so-called "harpsichords". As you might expect, these 20th c. "harpischords" have a distinctly different sound (apart from volume) compared to harpsichords modeled after historic instruments of the Baroque.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
BTW, I heard that some builders are making clavichords with aluminum frames in order to support higher string tension and produce a bigger volume. Perhaps they use mutliple stringz for each note.
wcbroccoli 2 years ago
Heya, WC - I really appreciated reading your responses, and am actually touched that someone would take time out to answer questions and so update me as you have. Many thanks! (:-D) And I would love to hear these newer clavichords!
Noshirm 2 years ago
Hi,
That was excellent! What microphone did you use for recording your performance?
kdeezy 4 years ago
hi... i used a simple microphone in combination with a mini-disc
jbweimar 4 years ago
Hi,
Good playing. It sounds really loud. Is that really how loud it is in the room or is it amp'ed up for on the recording? I have a clavichord that is much more quiet.
SFChristo 4 years ago
no it's quiet actually. i hung the microphone right over the strings :)
jbweimar 4 years ago
cheers, it sounds almost like Colin tinley playing..
and now it's in my favorits:]
btw, can I ask u what's the price of this clavichord?
HugeHawk 4 years ago
hey thanks,
it cost 2500 euro (so about 3500 dollars). dick verwolf built it. you can check out his website.
jbweimar 4 years ago
oh wow
but as I see it this clavichord is totally worth it:]
HugeHawk 4 years ago
Now THAT was worth listening to! Everything about it was very pleasing- you play with wonderful grace. Thank you!
fordtruxdad 4 years ago
Wow it sounds very musical. I wish I had a clavichord. :)
classicalmusic1mzrt 4 years ago
Someone's been listening to Glenn Gould.
AlsatianCousin 4 years ago
People have said I sound like I'm imitating Gould before I had even heard of him so I guess that makes me feel a little less of a cheater :-)
jbweimar 4 years ago
Tremendous amount of restrains. Great instrument. Veyr good job!
tm37gl 4 years ago
Hello, and thanks! Great! Is this a fretted or unfretted instrument, and does it have double or single strings? Can you record for us something with a wider dynamic range and more use of bedung, and also a little less overloaded audio so we can hear the full tone of the instrument? Thank you!
FernandRaynaud 4 years ago
fantastic sound
psychowolfman 4 years ago
Wonderful playing; marvellous instrument; bewitching composition. THANK YOU!
speedstick77 4 years ago
What make or model clavichord are you playing? (I am preparing to make one myself) Sounds great BTW!!
michaeljking 4 years ago
Thanks Michael! I think the sound is okay, but it could be better. It's mostly for practice, the tone could be somewhat warmer. I didn't build it myself though. Dick Verwolf is the builder. If you search google with 'dick verwolf clavichord', you'll find his homepage. Good luck with your instrument, and be sure to drop me a line when you've built it and recorded something on it :)
jbweimar 4 years ago