Extreme Physics of Black Holes - Part 2

[38greenfield]

I have a blue pencil box!

[FilmPA]

So black holes take 66 billion years to evaporate. Great! We are FUCKED!

[lordgen86]

this is way outdated

[CRASDFGH]

so how old is our black whole... will it just stop one day and send us orbiting in to nowhere space or something...cause that would suck...and if you can make a black whole less than 5 solar masses why are people saying the LHC will make a black whole

[shanks414]

Dr.John, I would like to ask two questions. (a) Can we be 100% sure that light is indeed the fastest thing in the universe? (given that our understanding of everything in science has regularly changed over the decades/centuries). How impossible is it that 50 years from now, somebody finds something faster than light?

(b) If (a) happened, what is the implication of that in how we understand black holes?

Many Thanks.

[shanks414]

Dr.John, I really appreciate your effort in sharing this as a video, and more so for answering comments by people. Thanks a lot.

[cookaboorra4]

10+ = EXCELLENT!!

After having seen it some times, and thinking about it is here said, I wonder if the normal time-space path is cut in two different destinies, and time is frozen, matter sliding towards redshift, it is possible that things inside melt into an appropriate stadium of matter, as if they were "cleaned" from their peculiarities, to resurrect as a part of the black hole itself, having left free the Gravitational Force anywhere else?

[cookaboorra4]

In few words, like that curved neck bottle experiment, adding a 4th dimension to matter, but losing somewhere along it the G-dimension and re-emerging into the inner opening of the B-hole as a part of it ( thus not being able to come back DIRECTLY, but in some new GEOMETRICAL form.......

I just wondered, Sirs! I beg pardon, Sirs....

[IamLouder]

nice video, very informative, might wanna mention the word "spaghettify" in future videos, as is very cool word.

[grimysparrow]

If black holes evaporate over time... would the matter the black hole had consumed be returned to the universe? Or would it be something different? Could super-massive black holes that are in the center of galaxies have formed from super-massive stars that may have ignited at a very early time after the big bang? There would have been a huge amount of hydrogen in a much smaller space. Cool video too.

[jas2754]

Thanks. Over time the matter and energy contained within the black hole would be recycled .... that is returned to the Universe.

On the supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies... yes they could have come from a gigantic star because of the presumably high density of materials available at the center to allow stllar formation. Or it could have from from an early black hole( fromed soon after the big bang).. that just kept growing given the ample materials in the center

[COMEONalreadytaken]

5 stars

[jas2754]

Thank You

[tubester4567]

If we ever get to the centre of a black hole i think we will find all those missing socks and several sets of keys. Thanks for the video, very interesting.

[jas2754]

I have heard about the theory before ! ;-) ..there is a connection between clothes dryers and something... noticed the phenomena myself!

[boltar2003]

Dr John , how long until your next video?

[jas2754]

Hello Boltar .... I am working on one now... I may upload it today.... very different topic. ... the physics of global warming.

[IMBUED]

Is it possible that eventually over billions of years, the galaxy center black holes will pull an entire galaxy in? and if so, is it possible that all these remaining "completed" black holes, are governed by an even bigger black hole, like our solar system in the milky way? and thus creating a big bang? just one big cycle? black holes are like the collectors? :)

[jas2754]

Over time Black Holes will grow and grow and take in more matter from the galaxy. The Black Hole in the center of the Milky Way is estimated to be about 1 Billion Solar masses.... over time it will acquire more matter but it will take a long time... it is not t as easy as you might think to fall into a black hole..... much easier to orbit it.

[IMBUED]

interesting, thanks for sharing :)

so in a very long time would it be possible that black holes would compete with other black holes? the ones in the center of galaxies that is :)

I adicted to space knowedge now :)

[jas2754]

That does seem possible.... one vision of the late universe is there there are a lot of big black holes that grew over billions of years.

[trondreitan]

Great video! One question: While the acceleration on the event horizon of a galaxy center black hole is great, your bodily health is not directly affected by it, being in free fall. As I understand it, the real killer is the tidal stress force, which isn't that great there. So, could you could live for some time (an hour or so?) inside the event horizon before getting spaghettified?

[jas2754]

Thank You. You are right, it is the tidal forces that get you.Now if you are entering the event horizon of a supermassive black hole, the tidal forces are relatively small, so you can actually enter the black hole and not be torn apart, at least for a while!

[boltar2003]

But the internal frame of reference is virtually (completely?) stopped compared to the outside universe , so doesn't this mean that infinite time would pass outside the black hole before any matter inside it has had a chance to reach the centre? In which case wouldn't the black hole evaporate before anything could ever reach its centre?

[jas2754]

For those inside the black hole, if you could imagine yourself in one, they cannot see the outside universe.... from the internal observer time outside the black hole passes very quickly(infintely fast) and the light from anything outside is blueshifted out of detection. Now what does on insude a black hole... no one really exactly knows.

[boltar2003]

Nice videos. I have a question though - the gravity of a black hole is so great that the escape velocity is greater than that of light. Surely this means that time has stopped inside the black hole relative to the surrounding universe? Therefor surely all that is in a black hole is a hollow sphere just inside the event horizona of all the matter that has fallen in in suspended animation?

[jas2754]

COol question...The key point you raise is that time has stopped "relative" to the rest of the Universe ... true... not only has time stopped..but you cannot see it( it is red shifted to oblivion) However inside the black holes the particles in their frame of reference have time passing as they normally would expect. SO a black hole is more than a shell, and matter within the black holes moves, and moves towards the center

[ganzoontube]

Profesor:

What is the nearest black hole to out planet?

What type of black Hole is it?

Thanks, I will try so see again your videos, until I understand them.

[jas2754]

Hello, THe nearest discovered Black Hole to Earth is about 1600 Light Years from Earth.The black hole is part of a binary star system called V4641 Sgr(in Sagittarius constellation)

[swedishmeatbaII]

I have one question thats been raised on a program i've seen. Due to the conservation of matter, isnt there another force in the universe that has to keep the universe "in sync" such as the white hole?

[jas2754]

If matter stays in a black hole, the mass and energy of the Universe is still conserved as the Black Hole is part of the Universe.

[Strunz21LEON]

Thanks.

[Weedsethesecond]

With this video, you have transformed some seemingly very complex theorical stuff into a beautifully crafted and very accessible demonstration. I am a medical student myself, but I was almost drooling by watching this :-). I hope more people will find these videos on YouTube and will become as thrilled about them as I am! Keep it up!

[jas2754]

Thank You for your kind words.... there is a lot of good material out there to work from. Take this as Black Holes 101 ... there are lots of nuances and other amazing aspects I just don't have time to cover... but it's worth a try.Hmm.. maybe I will talk about what we do know about the insides of black holes, worm holes, and white holes( postulated fountains of spewing mass)

[mskuin]

I have three questions.

1) Is a spinning black hole also called as a Kerr black hole?

2) Has the Hawking's radiation been detected? Is there any principle (at least theoretically) to do that?

3)Has anti matter been observed in any of the labs (terrestrial or otherwise)?

[jas2754]

Hi,

Yes a spinning black hole is called a Kerr Black Hole, what is addressed in this material is sometimes called a Scwarzchild Black Hole, zero spin approximation.

2. It would be extremely difficult to detect from a black hole... perhaps lab experiments showing similar phenomena could and are being made.(Not sure)

[jas2754]

3. Yes it has. Positronium, "positively" charged electron was discovered in the 1930's( it was theoretically perdicted by Dirac in the 1920's). Since then many other antimatter particles types have been discovered. Anti Proton discovered in the 1950's.

[mskuin]

Thank you very much. You are indeed doing a nice job by putting up these videos. I am an engineering Ph.D (optical communications) but i feel that engineering is more materialistic because it aims at comforts whereas theoretical Physics is more spiritual. It makes you think who you are?

[jas2754]

YOu are welcome and thank you for your kind comments. I was always attracted to Physics because of it's inherent simplicity and clarity. Engineering is more materialistic for sure... but in this world that is what pays! ;-)

[mskuin]

sorry for the follow up. Is it enough to have a positively charged 'electron' and anti proton to ensure that such anti matter repels from conventional gravity?

[jas2754]

ahh... let me clarify one important thing. Antimatter refers to opposite properties on electrical charge, the mass remains the same and acts the same way in a gravitational field. I suppose you could have a anti matter aton as you suggest... but it would soon be anihilated by a normal atom that came near it. Now Antimatter that not correspond to anti gravity