How the MRI works

[jurotech]

Thank you Dr Hart!

[DanFrederiksen2]

the explanation needs more details

[jhoenedu]

I am very happy to see the vidoe from you, hopefully the others also are happy for You Wizard of Schenectady Howard Hart explains how the MRI works. Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric

[croncong]

I am very happy to see the vidoe after you give this Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric, video by the Edison Tech Center

[fitnesus]

I Love The Video It Can Increase My Knowledge Wizard of Schenectady Howard Hart explains how the MRI works. Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric, video by the Edison Tech Cente

[lupabuatchannel]

Steady I Really Like This Video video by the Edison Tech Center formerly the Edison Exploratorium

[cenedywong]

Good, I like that you share this video, I wish success always Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric, video by the Edison Tech

[Onepissite]

I Really Like The Video From Your Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric, video by the Edison Tech Center

[pemburuiklan]

Your Video Is Very Useful Sharing Howard Hart pioneered MRI design with General Electric, video by the Edison Tech Center

[Awake4Truth]

This guy is a genius. I've had my share of these...and the thing I love most about them is they're safe. Not like to many x-rays or CT-scans...

[cvbnm4657]

@MucusFelidae Thanks, Dr. Derp, but how about we leave the physics to Dr. Hart?

[hartistry1957]

Fucking GENIUS; I believe solutions come from our way of mapping around an impasse.

[fornow100000]

What are the dangers of this test? Does the test cause any side effects?

[DrLeoCharm]

@fornow100000 largely an interruption of electrical devices such as pacemakers - its favoured because it isn't an X-Ray source and it has better resolution of tissues

[salamandersale]

please, Im having a hard time understanding this mechanism . English is not my native tongue , can somebody tell me what does "preces" mean at 0:47 ?

[piper4seeformerly]

@salamandersale Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotation axis of a rotating body. It can be defined as a change in direction of the rotation axis in which the second Euler angle (nutation) is constant. In physics, there are two types of precession: torque-free and torque-induced.

[MucusFelidae]

@salamandersale ""preces" mean " (correct: precess)

Precession ...a rotating body rotates around its axis...imagine a spinning toy top...

and when the axis wobbles, this is called precessing...or precession

[VideoEtTaceo]

fourier systems

[FruitLoopFX]

ha ? lol

[karlwashere123]

almost unbelievable brilliance

[SLagerZahne]

How can one get this idea? So complex!

[h0wud0in2]

@SLagerZahne and if you actually know the details it see its much more than that..

proving that pi is irrational is childs play compared to getting the idea for an mri machine

[SLagerZahne]

@h0wud0in2 Amazing stuff!

[dolinovodno5000]

if its not a white scientist, its an asian. fullstop

[TheVishu27]

wow!didnt understand a word!!!

[AngelsAndAirwaves100]

yeh but what if you got 15 strew in your jaw and to steal rods in your back?? what Am I'm fucked or what??

[Locustx925]

@AngelsAndAirwaves100 Yes.

[jimmystranger89]

the core temperature of a patient will not rise more then a few degrees (if at all). The RF energy released from the patient is very small as the RF energy used in these magnets is quite minute as the bias of the magnetic moment is very small. Studies are being carried out to test side effects on the brain one much higher and more concentrated magnetic fields.

[looncraz]

@Nueroactive Already did that, research DARPA. ;-)

[jaleekay]

I'd like to understand what he's talking about because I had an MRI today and wanted to know how it works, but I just don't get it :P

[thegamer1504]

i still dont understand how this cool shit works

[jaydy11]

The drawing looks like toilet paper

[BEPea1]

@jaydy11 meant to represent the magnetic bore

[stefano9feg]

It's not so, do u hear about NSF?

[123maherali]

Can Any Genuis tell me the factors that can influenc signal intensity in MRI???

[fremaster139]

@123maherali the IV contrast material Gadobenate Dimeglumine is often introduced intravenously to amplify signal intensity of arteries, veins, other structures, as well as pathology. so that is one factor that can influence signal intensity

[MrKindgirl]

my poor brain :S

[TributeToTesla]

Tesla's technology.

[millriseman1]

That guy must be brilliant!! Now that he's created an amazing and now commonplace imaging technique, he should figure out the rest of the world's problems!!

[TheCrazy243]

Im scared! I will have take MRI next week,think going to sting me :(

[StoneMTNboy2009]

Engineering at its best! I really wonder how some people think of stuff like this.

[tommeasor]

Must of took a giant leap in imagination to come up with a ,magnificent machine like a MRI

[NikeIsTheShiznet]

Went in a mri today, thought the damn thing was goimg to explode

[Martin199595]

in 1:01 like toalet paper

[Jakjak841]

That's pretty cool. Today I went in a MRI it was making lots of loud noises

[gpg20s]

Oh! Now I understand!

[jdcrispe95]

Remember kids:

Make sure you have your keys in your pocket! :D

[Airsoftmaster117]

I had an MRI today and I was wondering what those sounds were and this video answered that....if that sounds like a stupid comment it's because I'm 14

[crby101]

@Airsoftmaster117 getting one tomorrow

[dwshiuani]

I donno if thats bad ,but I didn't understand a single word of what he said :(

[sebastian3852]

Genius, he is not of our time!

[thisismyname1920]

Im the most curious person ever, im going off to collage for mechanical enginering, and i had an MRI yesterday and it thought it was the coolest thign ever

[tokeythebear]

gordosands ur wrong... i work in MRI also... its not totally safe... as u already know.. the most harmful part of the mri is the gradient pulse in the magnetic field... thus sequences such as Gradient echo and Turbo spin echo... are more liable to cause Radiofrequency burns due because of the increased turbo factor, bandwidth and essentially the type of RF... but in comparison to 3 out of the 4 other main imaging modalities... MRI is usually quite safe and all side effects are very very rare...

[ARealWiseGuys]

I was hopping to learn more from this video. I guess the teacher had a 2 min time limit, bad idea.

[TheEpicWinner]

Looks like toilet paper at first.

[DiagnosticVision]

MRI is the greatest technology, most useful for brain, muscles, heart and cancer associated problems, it shows the tissues that have the most and the least hydrogen atoms.

[wilgokilgo]

Magnets: How do they work?

[TheSubwoolfer]

What's the maths called.. This old dude studied some killer weed to figure that shit out.

[DeemotheAtheist]

@TheSubwoolfer fourier transform, its used in NMR aswell

[peroxideh2o2]

@TheSubwoolfer I think the maths is called Fourier analysis. :)

[uniterscron]

@TheSubwoolfer Fourier transform is used in basically every spectroscopic methods

[VideoEtTaceo]

@TheSubwoolfer

fourier systems

[zurechtweiser]

@TheSubwoolfer he simply lacks age induced brain damage called alzheimers. Most old people become dumb because of it but this one doesn't.

[relapseization]

@TheSubwoolfer I'm sure you'll find weed won't help you with complex discoveries like this. Instead many years of study into quantum mechanics.



[bigdaygroup2]

ｔｈｘ

[jj03151989]

ITS CALLED THE nuclear magnetic resonance imaging NMRI !!!! not just MRI.

[LachlanJG]

@jj03151989 Yes but the public have fears of things that have the word "nuclear" in it so they changed the name.

[happygamestvfun1]

did tomos edison realy invent the cat scan?

[tokeythebear]

@happygamestvfun1 ---- thomas edison was not alive when CT scanning was invented... call it about 30 - 40 years that we have had CT... xray 100 years... light... over 100 years... do that maths...

[upcycle]

i am imaging as MRI machines become less expensive and more compact, they may replace more invasive and perhaps more time consuming x rays performed in dental offices. And perhaps these mri scans will provide far greater data than an x-ray can produce. and because if can be viewed 3 dimensionally and from various angles and depths could probably be used for more precise diagnostics and treatment.

[tokeythebear]

@upcycle don't bet on it... patients are increasingly becoming contraindicated for MRI due to the vast number of implants that are being used.... however... most of these are becoming mri safe or compatible up to 3T.... even though scanning these implants on 3T is a reasonably stupid idea...

[SonOfCyrusTheGreat]

I LOVE SCIENCE!!

[Cheerleader021694]

whats the mathematical equation called ?

[tbhuang2]

@Cheerleader021694 Fourier Transform

[LemonAndYoghurt]

Can MRI scans depict how much fat you have clogged up against the inside walls of your arteries? What about inflamation in arteries?

[iminyourbasement]

you know if you turn one those off it costs 100,000 dollars for them to qeunch the magnet.

[DarksporkLeader]

@iminyourbasement somehow I don't believe that.

[iminyourbasement]

Quenching refers to the events that occur when the liquid cryogens that cool the magnet coils boil off rapidly, which results in helium escaping very rapidly from the cryogen bath. This means that the coils cease to be superconducting and become resistive. A quench will in general be accompanied by a loud bang or thundering or hissing or rushing sound with the cold gas expulsion.

[iminyourbasement]

Quenching may occur by activation of the magnet STOP button, or spontaneously, caused by a fault in the magnet itself

[DarksporkLeader]

@iminyourbasement So quenching is a failsafe operation used only in an extremely dangerous situation, much like how nuclear power plants have explosive bolts as a last resort to immediately stop an out-of-control fission event. It is expensive, as it permanently destroys the magnet. However, unlike what your post suggested, it does not cost $100,000 to simply "turn one those off".

[iminyourbasement]

@DarksporkLeader if a machine is turned off the magnets no longer become super conducting, they must have a technician qeunch the magnet. i did miscalculate price it costs up to 50,000 dollars to qeunch the machine. if the magnet is not super conducting then it has a resistance whitch is bad, technical speaking these magnets have hundreds of time more energy going ito the coil than normaly would, there actaly overclocking them in a safe way.

[iminyourbasement]

the machine has helium being pumped thru it and turning the the power off would make the helium and magnet heat to room temurature. a technician must reset it. if the power is on and the coolant is off then the mri is now a giant heater. were talking up to 500,000 to replace the damage, radioshack does not have coils wound with 10-25 miles of wire on there shelf

[tokeythebear]

@iminyourbasement --- no mri tech would ever switch the magnet off.... its just not normal practice... u switch off image acquisition and u leave the magnet and the bolser working as normal... ur very right... heating the magnet to room temperature can damage it... but surprisingly.... if u have enough helium... u can leave the magnet off for up to 24 hours with no damage... for example... in a power cut...

[WeastHamTiD]

no they dont?  you dont feel a thing you fucking prick.

[avp715]

If any of you are getting an MRI soon: you should be aware that they elicit excruciating pain without the aid of heavy narcotics.

[petrhsr]

MRI isn't painful at all, deadshit. Reading your dumbass comments is much, much more uncomfortable. Do the world a favor and jump off a bridge. A high one. Do it now. Please.

[ExNihiloJimmy]

One of Man's greatest creations.

[djbro16]

The coils the tech uses picks up the bodies signal... how they can aim a magnetic field and tune frequencies to body parts is BEYOND me.. this stuff is awesome.

[tokeythebear]

@djbro16 --- the truth is... we don't aim... we just press the buttons... u can't control the signal being generated from flipping the hydrogen atoms but the coil acts as an antenna so to speak.. transmit and receive... like a cell phone.... the signal is everywhere but only the cell phone reacts because it has its own antenna...

[lkenny93]

of course it's a hoax! doctors have nothing better to do than sit around pretending to take photo's of your body, and they get a kick out of pretending people have tumous and stuff! why the hell would they fake this??

[lmaines]

had one of these done not long ago. I can definitely say that if it was a hoax, it is a very elaborate and costly one. lol. some people are just dipshits.

[plasmasun]

It's Probably not Good for you.

[gordosands]

I work in this area. MRI is one modality of imaging that has no known negative side affects. Provided you are safe with metal.

[trento654]

@gordosands so it is said but i'm sure science will find a way to prove them dangerous to people just like it does to just about everything

[conquerorqueen]

@gordosands Heating effects and gadolinium reaction. :-) Pretty neglible though.

[tokeythebear]

@conquerorqueen --- gadolinium reaction... a non iodinated contrast... set in a chelate... which is Intravenously injected... whats the worst that could happen... in most cases... if ur creatinine and ur eGFR levels are within normal range... most gadolinium based contrasts are safe... but...depending on the level... u may choose to change contrast type ie... magnovist or primovist or gadovist or dotarem... or u may choose not to give contrast at all..

[1RadicalOne]

I think the problem is that people, especially the less educated ones, often use "CAT" and "MRI" interchangeably. And CAT scans, being X-rays, DO have a risk to them.

[jake5680]

@gordosands You reckon the titanium rod in my leg would upset it much? It's paramagnetic, from what I've read.

[JlkJlk18000]

@gordosands yea... the first person to climb into one with a bit of metal inside them probably dident end up walking out of there very happy

[Philadelphia90]

@gordosands yep,that's how it is today. nobody knew the x-ray effects at the beginning. we can't be sure it's a safe way of imaging

[funkyfudge11]

@Philadelphia90 dude, learn your history. Roentgen "discovered" radiation and the x-ray in late 1895. By 1902, Edison's assistant (C.M. Dally) got sick from it, and people found out that x-rays can be dangerous. Less than 7 years, at a time when no one cared to check the effects of stuff they experimented on...

[Philadelphia90]

@funkyfudge11 yes,but when Roentgen made his first radiograph he didn't know the x-ray effects

[funkyfudge11]

@Philadelphia90 very true...and neither did the Curies when they played with Radon, nor did Becquerel when he got his hands on Uranium salts...still my point is that this technology has been around long enough for us to feel somewhat confident, you know?

[Philadelphia90]

@funkyfudge11 yes,we'll see if it's a free way of imaging or not ;)

[deanarobo]

@gordosands Your wrong.. there is side effects with every type of medical imaging. Proton therapy however, has no such effects...

[Otterwearinggloves]

@deanarobo Source?

[deanarobo]

@Otterwearinggloves I got mixed up with another type of probing :L Amateur mistake, sorry.

[SupremeNY94]

@gordosands

RF energy is potentially harmful to patient by raising the patients core temperature through overexposure.

[theJACKSON10]

@gordosands Yeh but it just doesnt seem natural to magnetize the atoms in the body..

[jamiechang2011]

@theJACKSON10 LOL neither is eating with a fork, dumbass.

[FOG2006]

@gordosands But why the MRI devices are all so loud and uncomfortable?

[etohprn247]

This is ALL FACTs peeps. Thats one smart dude. One of the Hardest Test I've taken is MRI examination. Whomever think this is a Hoax? prolly just dumb or ignorant.

[pmgodfrey]

I can't believe how many people who commented on this think it's a hoax.

Why do you think it's called an MRI? That happens to stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, dummies... These machines cost millions of dollars.

[gagagab88]

It's not a hoax !

[MainTerror]

WHAT IS A HOAX?

[lkenny93]

it means faked, false, like theyre just trying to make you believe it's real when it's not

[snedie69er]

What?

[clonedpig]

where are the hydrogen in our body located? (i.e. within organelles?) and when they aline doesnt it do some sort of harm? i'm not understand that part, anyone can explain? thanks

[atommanden]

In MRI it is the hydrogens in water(H2O) you see. And humans are ~70% water. It is not the atom itself which align along the magnetic field but rather an atomic property called the magnetic moment. The water molecules themself are free to tumble around and MRI is absolutely harmless.

[RebornAc3]

"where are the hydrogen in our body located?" Hydrogen is in the water compound dear, H2O!

Each cell contains 50-60% water.

[tokeythebear]

@clonedpig --- hydrogen is present in the 90% water content of ur body... its the most abundant atom... it has a special property which allows it to precess (spin) and flip in a strong magnetic field with a radio frequency pulse... it causes it no damage as this is what makes hydrogen so special!!!... the worst result... is heat production... hence why noone scans at first level!!

[undocumentedspot]

The dots on the body look like pacman. MRI seems scary but useful with professional hands.

[snedie69er]

I was unaware "Un-professional" people used them?

[undocumentedspot]

Yes, of course there are unprofessional people use these things, called doctors wannabe , were sitting at the end of the class, and barely passed the board exam. and they eat peanuts while operating on a patient. For more information, see: Weird Al Yankovic - Like a surgeon .

Seriously though, there are a lot of unprofessional "professionals"

[snedie69er]

So you watch a wierd al video and now you know all about the workings of a hospital?

Are you retarded by any chance, your favourite video's selection indicates this.

[undocumentedspot]

Here we go. the song was joking with you. I thought you are a normal human being sorry. but maybe you are one of those wanna be doctors, that's why you were offended.

I know a lot about hospitals and doctors than you think. there are a lot of stupid doctors out there just like any profession. and there are a lot of doctors who are careless and a mess. Go read court cases, go google. instead of arguing with me why I call bunch of unprofessional people unprofessional.

[snedie69er]

Actually I am an IT manager at a UK East Midlands data centre and know nothing of how a hospital works other than what I have seen within a one month stay a few years ago.

And out of the millions of doctors on this planet I don't see how there can't be mistakes. But I would love to know how you know that monkeys are allowed to operate £6m machines on a whim. I mean you do claim to know a lot about hospitals. Are you the janitor by any chance?

[undocumentedspot]

Well, why don't you talk like an educated IT manager?, but ah, you probably an Internal Toilet manager. lol

You answered your question well, and yet you asking me in your unsporting way.. you said "out of the millions of doctors on this planet I don't see how there can't be mistakes"

I don't work in hospitals, but I have met, read about such doctors/cases. Beside, the professional hands include not just the operator, but also the staff. Read about the accidents . no more argue. peace

[snedie69er]

Fine. Peace out

[tokeythebear]

@undocumentedspot ----.... so ur aware that there are only a handful of recorded fatalities in MRI... all of which... were in america... patients not telling techs about pacemakers.... nurses running into the scan room with oxygen tanks... the people who use a magnet 15000 times the strength of the worlds magnetic field.... kinda know what to do so u don't die...

[dawnlvsemma]

i had 1 at 34 weeks pregnant! i thought it was scary,baby didnt stop kicking for the duration,she probably didnt like it either

[LYNXVAL]

How Interesting! Didn't know this all was involved! my son has to have one tomorrow. and I hope he does good! he is 17 and diagnosed with ADD and OCD.

[kimaam]

whats the difference between the MRI and the cat scan? do you have to hold your breath for any of them since its like an x-ray?

[Mednovotob]

CAT scans are computer reconstructions of a bunch of X-rays that are digitally acquired from an X-ray machine that rotates around you. By comparing a number of images taken from slightly different vantage points, the computer can rebuild a 3D image, which it can then 'slice' into individual layers.

MRI's use the magnetic and RF energies described in the video to create a 3D 'cloud' of datapoints, which -like a CT- can be 'sliced' into layers to view.

[kimaam]

would a MRI show if you have a umbilical hernia? because I wanted for my doctor to give me a mri or a cat scan to show me prove of my hernia before he did surgery on me but he didnt want to, and now he left my belly button deformed looking like a triangle instead of a circle:(

[tokeythebear]

@kimaam --- it would show it... but its not normal practice to prescribe mri or CT scan for it.... if uve got a hernia... chances are... they know all about it...

[stantofe]

Mednovotob is only describing the technical part.

Main difference from diagnostik side is the information gahtered with the examination. Due to the nature of xrays the ct examination is manly used to examine hard tissues like bones. MRI is more efficent in any matter like soft tissue (brain, disc, muscles etc.)

So different medical question = different equipment to find the answer. ;)

Breathold in MRI almost impossible due to long examination times.

[tokeythebear]

@stantofe --- wrong... dynamic liver scanning employs use of short multiple breath holds to minimise movement... also... most scanners can apply a gating to the diaphragm... that will monitor breathing and only image when the patient has stopped for a split second... it takes about 6 minutes for this type of sequence...

[youbey100]

hi kimaam cat scan is ionizing radiation X-RAY and its a harmful radiation to the human but mri is a magnatic field not harmful . concerning to breathing tech there is alot of protocols need holding your breath its depend on your image

[bpyjktgiuk]

I go throught those every year to make sure my brain tumor hasn't come back. I'm now waiting for a memory chip. CHECK MY SITE.

[sirfreakman]

Great explanation Mr. Howard, i wonder how many times have you been explain that, and never get bored, i know that feeling.

MRI rocks!

=)

[sirfreakman]

Great explanation Mr. Howard, i wonder how many times have you been explain that, and never get bored, i know that feeling.