How DNA Copies Itself

[clairebehun]

great video thanks

[josecitoperecito]

this is ripped from the molecular visualizations video!?

[josecitoperecito]

@josecitoperecito (the 3d animation part)

[josecitoperecito]

@josecitoperecito (1st 3d animation part)

[WeepingGuitar99]

I'm just going to say. Genetics is one reason I believe in God.

[imfeelinfree]

In summary, this is a replisome, which has two DNA polymerase III enzymes. Both DNA pol III are replicating at the same time (one for leading strand off to the right, while one for lagging strand is off to the left) while the replisome moves in one direction.

[imfeelinfree]

Here's the process: (note that DNA gyrase, which is a form of topoisomerase and not seen in the video, is located upstream the replication fork where it is relaxing and undoing the supercoiling of DNA)

Focusing on the lagging strand

1) DNA helicase uses ATP to unwind and unzip the DNA strands forming replication forks.

2) If you look closely (pause the video), you can see single strand binding proteins that stabilize the exposed hydrophobic bases

[imfeelinfree]

3) Then the green enzyme that comes in right behind the blue DNA helicase binds to the lagging strand and lays down an RNA primer (unable to see)

4) Then the DNA polymerase III can be seen to synthesize new DNA strands in 5' to 3' direction, which contains a beta subunit of 2 protein chains that form a circle and acts like a clamp to hold DNA polymerase III to the DNA template "sliding clamp" seen on the left => attaches new nucleotides to the 3' end of the previous nucleotide

[imfeelinfree]

5) Then DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers, replacing RNA nucleotides with DNA

6) DNA ligase then joins the new fragments together with phosphodiester bonds (the green enzyme that is flying off to the far left

[BigBallaShotCalla15]

so that's why DNA is a double helix... so it can be twisted apart and replicated

[Billy0401]

what is that dark green protein that binds behind the helicase and then leaves right before the clamp is reattached on the okazaki fragment? is it the helicase loader or part of the clamp loader?

[miceskin]

I think the real lesson to be learned is that we need to create better computers. XD

[FatRussianGamer]

the helicase is BURNIN that shit!!

[FeignofCordor]

The DNA doesn`t copy itself it is unwound and copied by a molecular machine and the a strand of mRNA is moved to a ribosome were it makes a chain of information then moves it to another place which folds the chain into a particular protein to be moved to its place of need.

[TheWayandWordofLife]

God created infinitely complex DNA, AND created it with the means to produce those copies! GOD is the MASTER of all matter, energy, and the laws of science. I'd rather worship the Creator, than science itself. BELIEF in an intelligent designer is not delusional, believing that there is not an intelligent designer behind all creation IS.

[eleminatus]

@TheWayandWordofLife good for you!

[MonicaKn17]

@TheWayandWordofLife

Oh i and suppose god gave us a detailed description of DNA replication in his charming little book too?

[AvenueEmpire]

@TheWayandWordofLife The defintion of the word Delusion : "A fixed false belief that is resistant to reason or confrontation with acual fact." Being an atheist is NORMAL because if nobody had ever explained "God" you would be an atheist. The theist is the one who has to explain the existins of god, because there claiming that is the answer. If they do not have any facts, or supporting details to there claim and they deny details that have been proven, they are delusional. You are delusional.

[TheWayandWordofLife]

How the HELL can anyone watch this amazing video on DNA, and not be able to see that there is OBVIOUSLY a super-intelligent, infinite, supernatural Designer??? Even at the very beginning of life DNE had to be this complex! The universe, and everything in it, and in all life on earth is so magnificently DESIGNED. The extremely precise fine tuning of the universe is displayed in so many cosmological, physical, and mathematical laws, involving the sustainability of the existence of the univers

[FedupwithR]

@TheWayandWordofLife

Because one doesn't have to be super intelligent to understand the process of evolution. It simply required that you take you head out of those Bronze Age scripts, written by ignorant goat herders who thought the world was flat, and read some science.

[joy1640]

and i hated science screw me!

[baxterwell]

Amazing!

[animedragon123]

dear god. shut up, all of you. -_-

do you realize you are arguing about something someone said 3 months ago? he wants to believe in god? fine. stop being you tube bitches, and let him have his own opinion. if you want to freaking scream at a comment he probably doesn't even remember making, go for it

i mean, it was summer. the guy could be a complete atheist who was drunk one night and decided to screw with you like a freaking dick

and another thing. he never actually mentions god

suck on that.

[Queegzzz]

Fact: DNA's capacity to store information still has no equal in today's computer age

Question: If human computer technicians cannot achieve such results, how could mindless matter do so on it's own.

[supergenius1994]

@Queegzzz because we humans have trouble working with individual atoms, and whoever, or whatever (if anything/anyone) made us has clearly mastered the art of moving single atoms to form complex molecules, for us moving atoms is incredibly difficult

[JdkParkour]

@Queegzzz Fact: Your argument is based on the "appeal to ignorance" fallacy.

[anicola2]

@Queegzzz Maybe people who say it's not possible should study the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the process. We have no way to find out for sure how it happened because it was too long ago, but we definitely can propose mechanisms by which it could have happened by itself.

[YouBoob85]

@Queegzzz Natures had billions of years. We have had 50. Just because you dont understand something doesnt mean its wrong. Get over yourself.

[Zatoichi444]

Bill Hicks said "we are all one consciousness experiencing itself subjectively, there is no such thing as death and we are the imagination of ourselves."  DNA could be the stuff dreams are made of. haha!

[doctorw2]

DNA does not copy itself, this process is mathmaticly encoded that takes sophisticated intelligence of a very advanced order.

[Arykles]

This video made more sense than any picture in my biology book. Thanks, modern computer technology!

[jawaherdrawer]

thnx

[louispigott4]

cool

[ThreeBeeps]

amazing!

[jus1haz2]

Awesome! Science pwns

[biwilty]

fascinating..!

[ninjo1]

i thought exactly the same as i saw it, absolutely amazing, i like the colors a lot.

[MattyMatt761]

That was an excellent demonstration, especially of the Okazaki fragment replication.

[malleson]

If there were no mistakes and the copying process were perfect then we wouldn't get older. And certain types of disease would not occur. It looks good but this video is basically rubbish

[TrueRubix]

Can we just say that this shit is cool without debating the existence of god... I doubt any arguments via youtube comment threads will change anyones beliefs.

[NUMBband]

this is deceptive of how it really is anyway. in reality these molecules are jumbling around quite randomly at extremely fast rates, they just fit in certain places, from a primitive kind of natural selection.

[danshil]

I don't think you're right NUMBband. The proteins are jumbling around quite randomly at extremely fast rates, but fitting together has nothing to do with a "primitive kind of natural selection". When two proteins that are able to fit each other come into contact in the right orientation, they fit.

[emptycagecorrode]

Amen, brother :)

[jmcnqueen]

u betta be black

[ScottyVOR]

"this process happens completely on it's own with out an aid of ANY intelligence".

Obviously. I walk into a factory and don't see a anyone, yet the complex machinery is running full speed. The presence of information in these systems and machines, the product exclusively of pre-existing intelligence, tells me if nothing else "intellect was here". We now know it's not just matter and energy. Welcome to Intelligent Design.

And yes, it does have looming theological implications. Get used to it.

[Zonkin]

No, it's not just matter and energy, there is also information, that's the whole point.

Information that can encode itself.

If it encodes itself, it may also by mistake (or not) make itself more complex.

There are very few things that can be used to explain the process of evolution, as it is a process which complexifies and carries itself. Please do not try to counter the theory of evolution (which is ID's agenda) with the genesis of life, as it is a different subject altogether.

[ScottyVOR]

Agreed. DNA is a 3 out of 4, error detecting, error correcting information carrying language the likes of which leaves even the best Information Technician awestruck. "Mistakes" do not complexify; they are at best a sideways movement; 99% of the time degenerative (something the repair mechanism tries it's darnest to cut out and replace).

ID, Darwinism; neither can explain biogenesis. My point is that by acknowledging the scope and nature of DNA, ID is at least a step in the right direction.

[sparkydaskworl]

Talk of big blokes with beards in the sky is demonstratively untrue. But were we designed by an intelligent power? Depends on what you mean by intelligent. A system doesn't indicate intelligence. It indicates logic, cause and effect. Neither are inherently intelligent. How the system is USED indicates intelligence. A non-interventionist God is intellectually redundant. Ours, if we have one, seems non-interventionist by any measure. So I don't see what all the fuss is about. Welcome to Agnocism.

[BionicChango]

sparkydasworl - thanks for verbalizing my entire belief system in one paragraph! Well said there!

[Neuroelectronic]

god works in mysterious ways

[Azninvazion1]

I wonder if we'd be able to see anything at all if they displayed all of the individual components and reactants flying in and being consumed, and not just the product DNA.

[NIMHFS]

FUCK DIGG

[featheredmusic]

The truth of the matter weather you believe in a creator or not, this process happens completely on it's own with out an aid of ANY intelligence, this is chemistry and physics on a small scale. People need to understand that just because they don't understand how something works doesn't mean it's a divine creation and control. The universe is self sustained and doesn't need a human to give it a reason for it's existence. You'll start more wars trying to prove each other wrong.

[LionKimbro]

Honestly, (and I say this as a materialist rationalist reductionist physicalist skeptical atheist,) it sounds like dogma. I find more value in the communication of _science_ and _scientific methods_ and _reason,_ than in a "you must believe this," which, earnestly, isn't much different than what your opposition is saying. I'd link to videos about evolution, explaining the theory, how it doesn't mean "randomness," etc.,.

[MrGem7]

featheredmusic. Iv'e been thinking about the complex chain of events that occur to create life and while im no expert in it, i do agree with you that it is physics on a small scale, but i also think that evolutionary biologists don't make it easy for themselves by forgeting to mention laws of physics when they explain the processes. They just show one event following another on a chemical/genetic level and leave things out on a physics level.

[Smudge4C]

Great video, thanks for posting. It's amazing to get some advanced insight into how things work. DNA regulation is an amazing system.

For those discussing theism vs. atheism, this is REALLY not the right forum for such debates.

[Moe70]

wow

[cclus]

This thing I don't understand is how god is spawn? How is dog spam?

[lldsandsll]

how is babby formed?

[jjacquay712]

How girl get pregnant?

[blueshiftX]

metaphid: the idea of a creator of all realities who has no creator is an acceptable practice in religion.

[metaphid]

Indeed. All KINDS of gobbledegook is acceptable in religion.

[YouTumult]

i have those worms inside my body? geez, that's disgusting! how can i get rid of them?

[jonval212]

What tells the enzymes to move over to this section of DNA and start coding?

where does the extra material come from, too fast to be random?

if it's replicating at 1000 mph surplus material coming in, must also move at that rate.

[lemaro1977]

amazing!

[GypsyPriest]

Though they have discovered yet another piece of the amazing puzzle it only begs more questions. If one doesn't have any question after looking at this, they're not truly appreciating what is going on.

And the age old question remains fixed; why?

[CiniCraft]

the thing i dont understand about atheism is how did this stuff spawn? what created this machine?

[metaphid]

The thing I don't understand about theism is how did "god" spawn? What created this being?

[novellterminator]

Ha, we think alike metaphid :P

[metaphid]

Ya know what they say about Great Minds! =)

[novellterminator]

The thing I don't understand about theism is: how did God just spawn? What created Him?

[CiniCraft]

well we know were here, and if we know the universe didnt always exists there must have been something before it. something not bound to time that has always existed.

[novellterminator]

"and if we know the universe didnt always exists" That's not a fact. We don't know if the universe has always existed or not. All we know is what happened AFTER the Big Bang. No one says the Big Bang was definitely the start of everything. In fact, physicists are currently working on several theories as to what happened before the Big Bang. And to say "there must have been something before it... something not bound to time that has always existed" is also not a fact. It's your opinion.

[DesktopGeo]

Atheism accepts the fact that there are things that we don't understand but that we should pursue these questions as logically as we can and maybe one day we can. (Hundreds of years ago we could have believed gravity was mystical, but we could have also tried to logically deduce it. We wouldn't have found the answer in our lifetime but its that process that has brought us to a better understanding now)

Religion is the reverse. It provides answers butr doesn't accept anything challenging it.

[thetwelfthrootoftwo]

That is an absurd generalization. Think about what you are saying. Those who agree with your position are the logical, enlightened ones, so those who disagree with you must be idiots. You seem no less dogmatic the the people you criticize as being unable to "accept anything challenging it." Humanity has long struggled with this question, so please show a little humility and treat it with the complexity it deserves.

[DesktopGeo]

Sorry if it came off as dogmatic. It's hard to fit in everything I want to say in these comments. I have nothing intrinsically against religion. I try to judge people on the content of their character.. not their belief system. While I don't have anything against religion itself, I do have a problem with organizations - any organization for that matter - that offer answers that limit discussion.

Sometimes people are so desperate for answers that they forget that it's OK to simply ..not know.

[DesktopGeo]

The most we can do is try to understand things as much as we can rationally. The problem isn't the acceptance of a belief system.. but tthe acceptance a belief system that paints all dissenting opinions as wrong and denigrates rational critical thinking. This is why I don't have a problem with religion. It's the way some religious practices try to limit thought that I have a problem with.

[Corn3liu]

This all thing religion vs. science is total bullshit. Everyone can say that religion is narrowing and science is eliberation, or the other way around. In fact, most of us mistake religion with the institution of church, which are quite different. I do not believe in God as the church preaches, yet I am Christian. What's more, science and religion should go toghether, because religion should be common sense (and something durable), while science brings change. The point is to balance them

[anicola2]

@DesktopGeo Actually, that would be agnosticism. Atheism is the same except on top of that there is the belief that there is no God, while agnosticism doesn't rule it out.

[StratosPheraTube]

@DesktopGeo lol you make me laugh. don't say bullshit. ur atheist, u dont kno all religions to say such a lie as "It provides answers butr doesn't accept anything challenging it." u have to prove what you say before stating it as truth. Yet you come talking bout "pursuing questions LOGICALLY"? Have you ever read the proofs regarding God existence in St Thomas Aquinas' or in Aristotle's? Go read. You need it.

[SexyArcanine666]

@StratosPheraTube

Have you ever read the objections to your proofs that complete debunk them?

Your proofs are all fallacious.

[jenius124]

@DesktopGeo YOU GO GIRL

[EmperorOfMars]

@DesktopGeo No that's agnosticism.

[JaymieLady]

how do the molecules move like that ?

[CoNiLa2]

comes all downm to magnetic(or elektrostatic) atraction

:)

[jonval212]

If I come in contact with a powerful magnet will this kill me?

[robopoet]

What motivates it?

[Bopplise]

Thanks for this video ! It's amazing !

[Kirkwhisper]

And all of this happened purely by the blind forces of nature, folks! Isn't nature amazing?

But question: which came first? The helicase that unzips/rezips the DNA strand (as fast as a jet engine) or the DNA which makes the helicase in the first place> Hmm. Mother nature will you please tell us? The scientists don't know.

[Snarkfarfar]

Actually, they pretty much do, and the answer is none. The accepted theorem is that early life only had RNA-molecules, which can have intrinsic activities similar to proteins. For several reasons it was beneficial for organisms to elaborate on these mechanisms by introducing the more complex proteins through a gradual transition.

[LEPTOKURTICO]

it's the more complet video of replication, , i invite you to see it slowly