do you must be 16 with ur first car working at McDonalds buying shit from walmart and probably autozone. That is the most ghetto way of wiring or should I say not wiring leds to pulsate. You set a bad example!
what about to a car stero hooked to a 12 volt battery? I have led lights to a 12 volt car battery.. seperately.., Then I have my leds lights to another 12 volt battery.. nothing to do with the stereo. So, can i also hook the leds to a speakers (not sub woofer) that is controlled by the stereo and 12 volt battery? all wires to the stereo... shit i may have to show it to explain it better.
@agaen96 And it also depends on how powerfull bass you have. A standard Logitech bass is no big deal, but if you're gonna connect it to some real speakers that uses a reciver, you've gotta use a resistor, or they're gonna blow soon
for a car sub, you don't need to hook it up inside the box if you don't want to. I'm going to open my box, drill holes for the LEDs, and have a plexiglass cover on the front. I have the LEDs on the way from China so when I get a chance, I'll do it.
:D du Idiot das geht zwar aber es zieht deiner Box den Saft raus das heißt du hast keine volle Leistung mehr und durch di verschiedene Wiederstände verändert sich der klang
@ncis0520 wrapping the wires around power (red cable) and ground (black cable) has a tendency to disconnect frequently cause its not attached. My thought is one of ur cables for the LED's are touching one of the cables for the sub. Soldering will be the best way to connect it.
@mirodriguez888 yea i did that but i got it to work now my sub has a switch and it was turned off. XD and i was getting pissed because they wouldnt work XD stupid switch :P but nice vid bro
You bought 12V DC lights that were meant to stay on steady. You wired them to your amp output? OMG!!! Never connect anything except a proper speaker to your amp output. Your amp output is something like 40V AC @ 25+ Hz. The lights flash because they are not properly DC powered. Worse is your amp isn't "seeing" a resistive type load. So your amp is clipping half the signal. You will blow your amp this way!!! Proper flashing lights have either an RCA line-in or a built in microphone.
@subsystems in actuality, tho he did this wrong, there is a way... put led's in opposite polarity and have them resisted properly including amperage loads...your amp will not show a clipped/cut signal and the higher ohm load will allow the amp to stay cool the main issue is trying to do the math when all you know is that an amp is rated for 200w/500w...etc...
@d3dreaper Making something work and doing it properly are two different things. It is never a good idea to power anything other than a speaker with an amp output. You can build a bridge rectifier, add some capacitors etc but in the end it isn't a good idea to connect a device that is made for one purpose to another device that is made for a different purpose. Blindly connecting things simply because they have 2 wires or connectors that match is asking for a visit from the Smoke Fairy.
@subsystems the only times an amp will blow is if you cut half the wave off, clip your signal, you have a setup with too low of an ohm load or you short out the connections (a blown sub will short the connections)... as long as the math is done correctly i could power my headlights with it, no problem.... just because it was designed to handle the differing ohm loads from different frequencies on a sub doesn't mean that it can't handle a light output with a solid resistance...
@d3dreaper Let me make this clear. People are making "How To" videos that don't know what they are doing. People that also don't know what they are doing are following the instructions thinking the title of the video means this is "HOW TO" do it. This isn't how to do it. For people that know to design electronic circuits, they don't need to watch videos on how to do it. Your examples require someone have the knowledge. I am trying to educate those that don't to not damage expensive things.
@subsystems Fair enough and that's is very true but i look at it and laugh lmao and truthfully i started out experimenting by doing that (i used a slot car on speaker terminals and discovered i can get music from an electric motor and then figured out that's how a speaker works). And it truly is a breath of fresh air to find someone that can argue valid points without being a douche. maybe i should make a diy specifically for this type of setup ...?
@d3dreaper I thought about making a video as well. But it would be impossible to cover all bases. Not all headlights are resistive. Some are LED, some require transformers and some even use the headlights wires to operate relays because the headlight wiring/switches aren't able to provide enough voltage or current for the lights.
@subsystems i was just using the headlights as an example haha... you're awesome man! i do prefer to work with leds and i have setups that work for up to 250 watts but they have to be built specifically for the amp... I know the LED's have a sharp voltage reactance(if that's the proper word?)but at the lower voltages the amp reads it as if it's not connected and because the reactiveness( again possibly a made up word but you understand) is at about .5 volts it doesn't harm the amp
@d3dreaper It doesn't matter if you can power your headlights with your amp. When some people read this they will assume you mean anyone can power any headlights with any amp without knowing anything about the specifications of both the amp and the headlights. Not to mention there would have to be a circuit between the amp and headlights to properly provide a resistive load for the amp and a dc power source for the headlights, and only if the headlights are not more Wattage than the amp.
@subsystems haha wow these sort of videos and people really get to you, eh? All i can say 90% of the people making these vids and people doing what they say will always argue that what they are doing is right and there is no other way to do it and all you can do is just say "ok it's your money and equipment, go on and blow it up" As a matter of fact i'm working on some lights that'll be a plug and play type setup (only up to a certain wattage of course)... lot's of experimentation though...
@d3dreaper After lots of experimenting, you may come to realize as I saw right away that the output of the amp from one install to another is going to vary so much you will need a sensitivity adjustment to make the lights come on at low output for some amps and listening levels and much higher for high output amps at high volume levels. But if someone adjusts it wrong things will get damaged.
@subsystems ooh but of course, of course... I have learned that (haha the hard way though... without a multimeter LMFAO) there's going to have to be numerous idiot proofings built in but i'm sure it's possible :)
My guess is= Best thing to get would be a Led strip made with a 12v adapter for a cigarette lighter for a car. Just cut the pos and neg wires, wire em up right. N they shouldn't blow. As long as they're 12v. Also, you can go to you're local computer store, and see if they sell lights for computers as of because they also work with subs. If you can get a computer sound activated light bar, thats also a plus. Just hook a positive to a switch, to the module, ground it, and ur set :P
NEVER, NEVER, NEVER connect anything other than speakers to your amp. That is the WORST thing you could possibly do. An amp expects a resistive load. When you put diodes (Light Emitting Diodes) across the outputs, you're asking for trouble. Not only can the LEDs burn up but they can also short out the amps outputs!!!!
As commented, is to connect positive to positive, negative to negative, correct? Is it safe to burn anything? Can I do this with any speaker / LED (from weak to automotive speakers)?
@DCRMaster yup + to + and - to -. wat do u mean "burn anything"? its best to do it with subwoofers but if u do it with regular speakers you have to turn the volume almost all the way up so see the leds turn on but im not sure with regular car speakers(midrange speakers).
Sorry for my english, I'm from Brazil. I wonder if I can use this technique with any type of subwoofer (home theater or car stereo)? With any type of lamp found on eBay (for example), or there is a specifiable model?
@mrfreakengineer I consider checking the voltage of power your sub produces first. then check what kind of lights you can hook up. The only problem is that you may not be able to use LEDS. Once you have found the voltage try and get a couple of light bulbs with a 2-5+ watt or what ever. then they will last longer.
@Gavsta40 thanks man for the advice but I want to tell u that i figured out a better way to hook up LEDs to go with bass beats >>> u should connect em to the amp not to the sub. i tried it and it worked for I turned up the volume to MAX and the LEDs work great without fade in the light without any problem actually i was working on that before 3 hours and i tried this method and it worked i don why if u have an explanation for that it would be great :)
@mrfreakengineer I'll ask my dad later. He'd know all this stuff. Since he's an electrician. I went with the idea what i said to you and it works great. but i have an older version of a Speaker System. about 20yrs old. And still works perfectly.
@mrfreakengineer it doesnt matter where you connect them. The output at the amp is basically the same as it is going to the back of the sub... But as for voltage issues... I'd recommend making your own strip of LEDs (they have them at radioshack for cheap) and wire them up appropriately to the volts and amps the power source is putting out... (most prebuilt LED's [that go in cars and such] are wired to work with DC voltage not AC [amps put out AC])
@MrRlabrador thx Mr. i figured out how to hook em up and they works great i have 3 strips in the back seat region and 2 strips in front and 1 multicolor led strip it's much brighter than all of them in the trunk and they all synchronized with the music "with the bass beats" and i have 3 switches i can control them by it and soon i'll will hook up an underglow neons and make em go with bass beats ,,, and thank god finally i will do something on my own :)
@mrfreakengineer obvously if the leds are rated at 5v then add a resistor to bring down your amp power to not burn it out,or just buy 12v leds then for sure you wont burn out your leds.just buy higher voltage leds if it burns out,car amps use 14.4v 12 v leds are fine i think
does ti twork on speakers too, not just subwoofer.. I mean.. thanks.
gormbygallo 1 hour ago
do you must be 16 with ur first car working at McDonalds buying shit from walmart and probably autozone. That is the most ghetto way of wiring or should I say not wiring leds to pulsate. You set a bad example!
demonofdeath6661 2 days ago
Shitty vid
MORMEL360 1 week ago
what about to a car stero hooked to a 12 volt battery? I have led lights to a 12 volt car battery.. seperately.., Then I have my leds lights to another 12 volt battery.. nothing to do with the stereo. So, can i also hook the leds to a speakers (not sub woofer) that is controlled by the stereo and 12 volt battery? all wires to the stereo... shit i may have to show it to explain it better.
gormbygallo 1 week ago
I mean 530
Coolerthanspock1998 1 week ago
Does this work for a Logitech 539?
Coolerthanspock1998 1 week ago
@Coolerthanspock1998 it works for any speaker or subwoofer
powerline574 1 week ago
thanx its forks for me you are the best
zikamedo 3 weeks ago
look at this niggaa man dumb as helll
wackos90 1 month ago
@wackos90 hahaha im hispanic im not african
mirodriguez888 1 month ago 4
Without a resistor. those are gonna burn out fast. And for better connection, you really should solder it
agaen96 2 months ago
@agaen96 nope they lasted well over a year now i have then in my car but just solid blue
mirodriguez888 2 months ago
@mirodriguez888 Yeah, that's 12V
The wall is 230(In Norway)
Around 110 in America(?)
This can make a big differense
agaen96 2 months ago
@agaen96 All the numbers are Volts..
agaen96 2 months ago
@mirodriguez888 how many watts is the sub putting out? because that might be the reason why you have burnt them..
MerrillUSD 2 months ago
@mirodriguez888 dude i just tried this on my subwoofer and it works, thanks for the vid
powerline574 1 week ago
@agaen96 And it also depends on how powerfull bass you have. A standard Logitech bass is no big deal, but if you're gonna connect it to some real speakers that uses a reciver, you've gotta use a resistor, or they're gonna blow soon
agaen96 2 months ago
@agaen96 In fact, if the voltage is OK, they won't burn. They sure will with overvolting
Kalvinjj 3 days ago
for a car sub, you don't need to hook it up inside the box if you don't want to. I'm going to open my box, drill holes for the LEDs, and have a plexiglass cover on the front. I have the LEDs on the way from China so when I get a chance, I'll do it.
gambinoarmy 2 months ago
logitec sub ftl
baseballdude1065 3 months ago
anybody have a detailed video of proper instalation of this?
killertctma 3 months ago
Thats bad for both the amp and the LEDs
TheKRK1994 3 months ago
:D du Idiot das geht zwar aber es zieht deiner Box den Saft raus das heißt du hast keine volle Leistung mehr und durch di verschiedene Wiederstände verändert sich der klang
Macbook849 3 months ago
@mirodriguez lol xD
CoreyCross2 3 months ago
It's more like hey hommeess imma show you how to put these ell eeyy deees in a subwoofer. Ya feel me hombre? Lol
CoreyCross2 4 months ago 15
@CoreyCross2 hahahah thats tha funniest comment on here
mirodriguez888 3 months ago in playlist More videos from mirodriguez888 2
whats the name of that song , its catchy :D
ItsKillgore 4 months ago
@ItsKillgore the one in the background is 25 lighters by z-ro
mirodriguez888 4 months ago
Towards the end it sounds like a domestic dispute is happening in the background..
ByrneBeatsInc 4 months ago
What do you recommend smd 5050 or smd 3528?
Aleksandaarrr 4 months ago
Nice idea, poor execution. This will most likely kill your amp and your LEDs after a while. I'm never trying this idea...
hypolittleskittle07 4 months ago
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hahah this is so shit
gunnugg 4 months ago
really...Logitech?
Skittlesking 5 months ago
first you dont need to know vich is + or - and second if you have a stronger amp you will have a smoke show :P
devil4e100 5 months ago
@ncis0520 wrapping the wires around power (red cable) and ground (black cable) has a tendency to disconnect frequently cause its not attached. My thought is one of ur cables for the LED's are touching one of the cables for the sub. Soldering will be the best way to connect it.
PokerKing1993 5 months ago
idk what i did wrong... i done exactly what you showed and i tried it and nothing.. its rated a 12v / 2 amp. and nothing any pointers?
ncis0520 6 months ago 2
@ncis0520 did u plug it to a speaker insted of a subwoofer
mirodriguez888 5 months ago 4
@mirodriguez888 yea i did that but i got it to work now my sub has a switch and it was turned off. XD and i was getting pissed because they wouldnt work XD stupid switch :P but nice vid bro
ncis0520 5 months ago
@mirodriguez888 i think i may do this do you have any tips!
1000bassnut 4 months ago
You bought 12V DC lights that were meant to stay on steady. You wired them to your amp output? OMG!!! Never connect anything except a proper speaker to your amp output. Your amp output is something like 40V AC @ 25+ Hz. The lights flash because they are not properly DC powered. Worse is your amp isn't "seeing" a resistive type load. So your amp is clipping half the signal. You will blow your amp this way!!! Proper flashing lights have either an RCA line-in or a built in microphone.
subsystems 6 months ago 19
@subsystems they woked perfect for the whole year i had them but i moved them to my car now and i have them steady there.
mirodriguez888 6 months ago
@subsystems in actuality, tho he did this wrong, there is a way... put led's in opposite polarity and have them resisted properly including amperage loads...your amp will not show a clipped/cut signal and the higher ohm load will allow the amp to stay cool the main issue is trying to do the math when all you know is that an amp is rated for 200w/500w...etc...
d3dreaper 3 months ago
@d3dreaper Making something work and doing it properly are two different things. It is never a good idea to power anything other than a speaker with an amp output. You can build a bridge rectifier, add some capacitors etc but in the end it isn't a good idea to connect a device that is made for one purpose to another device that is made for a different purpose. Blindly connecting things simply because they have 2 wires or connectors that match is asking for a visit from the Smoke Fairy.
subsystems 3 months ago
@subsystems the only times an amp will blow is if you cut half the wave off, clip your signal, you have a setup with too low of an ohm load or you short out the connections (a blown sub will short the connections)... as long as the math is done correctly i could power my headlights with it, no problem.... just because it was designed to handle the differing ohm loads from different frequencies on a sub doesn't mean that it can't handle a light output with a solid resistance...
d3dreaper 3 months ago
@d3dreaper Let me make this clear. People are making "How To" videos that don't know what they are doing. People that also don't know what they are doing are following the instructions thinking the title of the video means this is "HOW TO" do it. This isn't how to do it. For people that know to design electronic circuits, they don't need to watch videos on how to do it. Your examples require someone have the knowledge. I am trying to educate those that don't to not damage expensive things.
subsystems 3 months ago
@subsystems Fair enough and that's is very true but i look at it and laugh lmao and truthfully i started out experimenting by doing that (i used a slot car on speaker terminals and discovered i can get music from an electric motor and then figured out that's how a speaker works). And it truly is a breath of fresh air to find someone that can argue valid points without being a douche. maybe i should make a diy specifically for this type of setup ...?
d3dreaper 3 months ago
@d3dreaper I thought about making a video as well. But it would be impossible to cover all bases. Not all headlights are resistive. Some are LED, some require transformers and some even use the headlights wires to operate relays because the headlight wiring/switches aren't able to provide enough voltage or current for the lights.
subsystems 3 months ago
@subsystems i was just using the headlights as an example haha... you're awesome man! i do prefer to work with leds and i have setups that work for up to 250 watts but they have to be built specifically for the amp... I know the LED's have a sharp voltage reactance(if that's the proper word?)but at the lower voltages the amp reads it as if it's not connected and because the reactiveness( again possibly a made up word but you understand) is at about .5 volts it doesn't harm the amp
d3dreaper 3 months ago
@d3dreaper It doesn't matter if you can power your headlights with your amp. When some people read this they will assume you mean anyone can power any headlights with any amp without knowing anything about the specifications of both the amp and the headlights. Not to mention there would have to be a circuit between the amp and headlights to properly provide a resistive load for the amp and a dc power source for the headlights, and only if the headlights are not more Wattage than the amp.
subsystems 3 months ago
@subsystems haha wow these sort of videos and people really get to you, eh? All i can say 90% of the people making these vids and people doing what they say will always argue that what they are doing is right and there is no other way to do it and all you can do is just say "ok it's your money and equipment, go on and blow it up" As a matter of fact i'm working on some lights that'll be a plug and play type setup (only up to a certain wattage of course)... lot's of experimentation though...
d3dreaper 3 months ago
@d3dreaper After lots of experimenting, you may come to realize as I saw right away that the output of the amp from one install to another is going to vary so much you will need a sensitivity adjustment to make the lights come on at low output for some amps and listening levels and much higher for high output amps at high volume levels. But if someone adjusts it wrong things will get damaged.
subsystems 3 months ago
@subsystems ooh but of course, of course... I have learned that (haha the hard way though... without a multimeter LMFAO) there's going to have to be numerous idiot proofings built in but i'm sure it's possible :)
d3dreaper 3 months ago
25 lighters!
bballer4life24 6 months ago
thank you so much for making this vid brah ive been trying to do it but couldnt figure it out
deejayblaze9 6 months ago
tutorial*
undrgrnd4dub 6 months ago
is it any sort off special amps you need ?
teoballn 7 months ago
My guess is= Best thing to get would be a Led strip made with a 12v adapter for a cigarette lighter for a car. Just cut the pos and neg wires, wire em up right. N they shouldn't blow. As long as they're 12v. Also, you can go to you're local computer store, and see if they sell lights for computers as of because they also work with subs. If you can get a computer sound activated light bar, thats also a plus. Just hook a positive to a switch, to the module, ground it, and ur set :P
erlemieux 7 months ago
I got some leds from walmart. I pulled off the plastic on the wires and instead of it being silver wire its copper?
famousjs09 7 months ago
@famousjs09 thats fine just as long as you kno which one is positive and negative
mirodriguez888 7 months ago
@famousjs09 a conductor is a conductor idiot
immikeyirock1 6 months ago
@famousjs09 you are a fucking dumbass
undrgrnd4dub 6 months ago 2
1:20 "yellow wire- i mean red, and wire with the black stripe, i mean white" -gang colors messing you up??
undrgrnd4dub 6 months ago
LMFAO! then he fucking free played the sub!! hahahah fucking give up bro!
undrgrnd4dub 6 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
NEVER, NEVER, NEVER connect anything other than speakers to your amp. That is the WORST thing you could possibly do. An amp expects a resistive load. When you put diodes (Light Emitting Diodes) across the outputs, you're asking for trouble. Not only can the LEDs burn up but they can also short out the amps outputs!!!!
sparky3489 8 months ago
what kind of glue did u use? u could use any glue?
nice video btw
metalgearsolid2 8 months ago
@metalgearsolid2 the LED sticks that i bought had these adhesive strips on them already so i just pealed off the cover and stuck them on.
mirodriguez888 8 months ago
@metalgearsolid2 is it really a nice vid when he isnt soldering?
undrgrnd4dub 6 months ago
Great taste in music
BobbyJComedian 9 months ago
Is there any reason why the lights would not flash? Cause I tried all sorts of lights/bulbs, and none react to the bass. Please help me out.
Stanran 9 months ago
Leds must have other power source ? I connect led to the sub and it doesnt light . Sorry , im from poland .
77Matheo77 10 months ago
doesn't this change the impedance of the circuit.
jetmodz 11 months ago
where is the resistor O:
bcallfree 11 months ago 18
@bcallfree if i got 12v ones..what size resistor do i need? to be super save too
kickfreak23 4 months ago
@bcallfree - if you use a resistor what kind should you use
?
TheAvihs 2 days ago
Congratulations for your video!
As commented, is to connect positive to positive, negative to negative, correct? Is it safe to burn anything? Can I do this with any speaker / LED (from weak to automotive speakers)?
Sorry for my English, I'm from Brazil. Thanks!
DCRMaster 11 months ago
@DCRMaster yup + to + and - to -. wat do u mean "burn anything"? its best to do it with subwoofers but if u do it with regular speakers you have to turn the volume almost all the way up so see the leds turn on but im not sure with regular car speakers(midrange speakers).
mirodriguez888 11 months ago
@mirodriguez888
Sorry for my english, I'm from Brazil. I wonder if I can use this technique with any type of subwoofer (home theater or car stereo)? With any type of lamp found on eBay (for example), or there is a specifiable model?
DCRMaster 11 months ago
@DCRMaster it will work with any subwoofer i have then in my car also
mirodriguez888 11 months ago
@mirodriguez888 they work up to 12 volts of power
2009thread1 9 months ago
@DCRMaster
evjLight.com model ;)
profEVJ 9 months ago
Go to LEDGLOW.com they have control switches that allows you to strobe and beat to the music. plug it into your computer (12V rail pos & neg)
MrRlabrador 11 months ago
so its bassically positive to postive and negitive to negitive.
MrBigblackspooky 1 year ago
@MrBigblackspooky yup
mirodriguez888 1 year ago
have fun finding LEDs that wont burn out, unless you have a shitty amp
Kershank2098 1 year ago
Dude , my LEDs burned out !!! i hooked them up same as u did but after a while and after turnin up the volume no led still alive they all dead
PLEASE TELL ME WT TO DO ??? should i connect some kind of fuse or resistor !!?
mrfreakengineer 1 year ago 3
@mrfreakengineer I consider checking the voltage of power your sub produces first. then check what kind of lights you can hook up. The only problem is that you may not be able to use LEDS. Once you have found the voltage try and get a couple of light bulbs with a 2-5+ watt or what ever. then they will last longer.
Gavsta40 1 year ago
@Gavsta40 thanks man for the advice but I want to tell u that i figured out a better way to hook up LEDs to go with bass beats >>> u should connect em to the amp not to the sub. i tried it and it worked for I turned up the volume to MAX and the LEDs work great without fade in the light without any problem actually i was working on that before 3 hours and i tried this method and it worked i don why if u have an explanation for that it would be great :)
mrfreakengineer 1 year ago
@mrfreakengineer I'll ask my dad later. He'd know all this stuff. Since he's an electrician. I went with the idea what i said to you and it works great. but i have an older version of a Speaker System. about 20yrs old. And still works perfectly.
Gavsta40 1 year ago
@mrfreakengineer it doesnt matter where you connect them. The output at the amp is basically the same as it is going to the back of the sub... But as for voltage issues... I'd recommend making your own strip of LEDs (they have them at radioshack for cheap) and wire them up appropriately to the volts and amps the power source is putting out... (most prebuilt LED's [that go in cars and such] are wired to work with DC voltage not AC [amps put out AC])
MrRlabrador 11 months ago
@MrRlabrador thx Mr. i figured out how to hook em up and they works great i have 3 strips in the back seat region and 2 strips in front and 1 multicolor led strip it's much brighter than all of them in the trunk and they all synchronized with the music "with the bass beats" and i have 3 switches i can control them by it and soon i'll will hook up an underglow neons and make em go with bass beats ,,, and thank god finally i will do something on my own :)
mrfreakengineer 11 months ago
@mrfreakengineer obvously if the leds are rated at 5v then add a resistor to bring down your amp power to not burn it out,or just buy 12v leds then for sure you wont burn out your leds.just buy higher voltage leds if it burns out,car amps use 14.4v 12 v leds are fine i think
coolaidkiller101 6 months ago
Who have the technical data leds? Or you can have some of any volt power? Thanks in advance
2011Drift 1 year ago
@2011Drift yea im pretty sure u can have any volt power. and wat do u mean "the technical data leds"
mirodriguez888 1 year ago
@2011Drift try and aim for a 12v array as I have tried 3v led's and well they will work but on my sub they blow after a special amount of base...
SimpleAaron 1 year ago
i need the first song in the background,whats the name??
Ssppeeeeddyy94 1 year ago
@Ssppeeeeddyy94 25 Lighter by Z-Ro
mirodriguez888 1 year ago
@mirodriguez888 thx : )
Ssppeeeeddyy94 1 year ago
This has been flagged as spam show
@mirodriguez888 thx : )
Ssppeeeeddyy94 1 year ago
thoes are some sick led bars. where did you get them?
ilovefishers 1 year ago
@ilovefishers i got them in a 2 pack for 12 dollars at walmart
mirodriguez888 1 year ago
@mirodriguez888 you can get a pack of 100 for $1.30 USD off of ebay...
SimpleAaron 1 year ago
Thanks man, you came through with your vid promise, you got cred in my books
HeIsCoolMG 1 year ago