Added: 3 years ago
From: tomfroekjaer
Views: 112,207
Sort by time | Sort by thread (beta)

Link to this comment:

Share to:
see all

All Comments (145)

Sign In or Sign Up now to post a comment!
  • WIth all due respect and admiration to any other tenor -past or present- I believe Caruso is the wondrous blend of melodious - tenderness, to which the effortless silky notes and tones of hic voice add unquestionably.....As Strauss says; he sings the SOUL of the melody; or as he himself states (paraphrase) that suffering made his singing, he who has not suffered cannot sing... something one can sense , identify and understand better

  • @Bolivariana94 Pavarotti quote: "When we tenors talk, there is Caruso - and then all the others."

    Empathetic genious.

  • Wielki śpiewak, tryle sukcesów i tyleż samo smutku w jego życiu. Warto przeczytać o całym jego życiu i karierze. Gdyby żył w obecnych czasach , przy technicznych możliwościach nagrywania. Wszystkie możliwe do zdobycia jego utwory operowe znam.To mój jedyny idol.

  • Enrico Caruso(1873-1921)

    Magnifica Esecuzione!!!

  • Primero Caruso; después Pavarotti. Los italianos siempre.

  • @GabrielPadecopeo Miguel Fleta.

  • Uauuuuuuuu....the sound's god

  • 1.Caruso,2.Di Steffano,3.Gigli - holy trinity of the tenors.

  • "...36 years later, that voice still rings in my ears...the memory will never die." Perhaps, some day, if I am fortunate enough to make it into Heaven, the Good Lord will let us hear what the Great Caruso actually sounded like! I am so terribly envious of those who were fortunate enough to have actually heard him sing.

  • @tsmlink If you search YouTube for "Lyrical recordings from 1. February 1904" you will find a transfer from an original 78 recording of E lucevan le stelle which more reflects how Caruso really sounded than this remasted version.

  • chicken skin

  • WOW! Enrico was awesome!!!

    

  • I prefer the old recordings without the added in modern back round because it just does not fit with his great voice. Keep it original, that's best. You don't need to improve on anything . He was fantastic no matter what was behind him.

  • @SHICOFF1 Absolutely, the old 78's are the best. I have also uploaded 78 transfers as well as other "originals" (some with noise removed).

  • bravo!

  • caruso grande, pero antes de hacer clasificaciones de tenores históricos escuchen a Miguel Fleta, descubrirán lo que se puede hacer con la voz.

  • grande caruso!!!ha ispirato mario lanza

  • Grand'uomo Caruso!

  • For me this is the perfect tenor voice: so even and effortless throughout, with no heaviness whatsoever, yet with a velvety color even at the most difficult passages. The feeling never takes over the technical aspect and vice versa. Now, I understand why he is a total legend.

  • All has been said. I join in quietly with the reverence and unique enjoyment.

  • I'm not overly enamored with the decision to mix modern accompaniment in with the overly-cleaned, hard-limited voice of Caruso like that. It might have sounded more consistent with the remaster using the original instruments and simply cleaning it up and adjusting the peaks to get the most out of the mix.

  • @Threetails: I quite agree with you. For me the old 78's are the best.

  • @Threetails hear, hear

  • @Threetails I agree - the performance becomes totally disjointed. It sounds unatural - better to restore the entire original performance - this method just does not work

  • no habrá nunca ningún tenor igual, es un placer escuchar a Caruso, el último antiguo y el primer moderno de los tenores, el cual nos lleva a otra época de la historia de la ópera, escuchen bien, porque es la edad de oro de la ópera y tenemos el privilegio de que se grabó su voz, anteriormente a él no tenemos casi nada, solo crónicas, los habría mejores, no lo dudo, pero no los podemos escuchar, asi que este es el legado de la ópera antigua, la verdadera.

  • the voice is very much damaged by this technique. Sometimes hardly sounding like Caruso

  • Caruso is a gem, but Pavarotti is unsurpassed. It is true that the recording is much better now, but even by discounting it, Pavarotti is in details better. I'd have loved to go to see Caruso singing just alone, but to see him and Luciano on the stage would probably be the best ever musical experience

  • @SAVIOR7able: I don't necessary agree with you that Luciano was better than Caruso, but I respect your opinion. Pavarotti himself said in an interview that "when we tenors talk about tenors, there is Caruso and then all the others".

  • @SAVIOR7able: Not even close! Pavarotti couldn't resonate like the great Caruso on demanding notes despite that remarkable high C. How do you think Pav would have sounded using ancient recording techniques? He'd have sounded rather thin in comparison. Add to that Caruso's unmatched ability to bare his soul and you have that separation between great and very good.

    Bjorling certainly surpassed Pav. Corelli, Gigli, del Monaco, and perhaps a couple others are held in higher regard than Pav.

  • @wiseroldfart - Whats happened to modern voices ? and whats happened to great singing ? All i hear these days are over compressed voices that pale in comparison to the golden voices like Caruso and Gigli.. (a lot to do with the awful technique called speech level singing that everyone seems to be crazy about at the moment - it's ruined many fine voices that never reached their true potential - such a shame) The placement of the voice is superb and just effortless - Beautiful Beautiful

  • @hellomrball I hear you. With all the people in the world, you'd think a voice at least as good as Pavarotti's would emerge from the crowd. I'm not expecting a Caruso or a Bjorling to emerge. Voices like theirs appear to be very rare.

    Elvis may be easy to impersonate, but impersonating either Caruso or Bjorling is impossible.

  • @hellomrball Here i am. Can you wait for me a couple of months? I coming soon....seriously!! Regards, Pablo.

  • @SAVIOR7able: Both Caruso and Bjorling are unsurpassed for what should be obvious, but different reasons. Pavarotti was in awe of both. This aria displays what sets Caruso apart from the rest. Nobody can match his raw emotion on arias that express despair. Add to that Caruso's amazing resonance on demanding notes.

    And then there's Bjorling's 'O Holy Night." That displays how magnificent he was on inspirational pieces. Nobody, including Pavarotti and Caruso, could have topped that performance.

  • @SAVIOR7able I vehemently disagree with you! I like Pavarotti, but he had nowhere NEAR the talent of Caruso. The direct emotional connection, the bone-chilling resonance in demanding notes in the upper ranges, the complexity and beauty of his delivery - you need to study this aria and especially Caruso's 1904 'Una furtiva lagrima.' Upon proper analysis, I hope you'll eventually realize that these two 1904 Caruso arias are the best performances ever recorded by a tenor, including Caruso himself.

  • oh, that I could have heard him perform live! And to those who do not know what he is singing about, see it performed! Madame Butterfly and Tosca are my favorite operas. I still like Mario Lanza better...

  • Remember, Caruso was the tenor who knew and performed for Puccini. I would imagine they were in agreement as to how to perform this aria. I can't imagine Puccini not being thrilled with Caruso's emotional approach. After all, he did ask Caruso if God sent him.

  • @wiseroldfart: it has even been suggested that Puccini understood his own music better after hearing Caruso sing it.

  • Fine editing work!

  • El insuperable CARUSO!

  • I have listened to this piece performed by many tenors, but for some unknown reason Caruso is the only one that sends shivers to my spine.

    I don't know what Tosca is about, but I can feel an heartbreaking pain in his character.

  • @wosclub: a beautiful example of what I'd call "multiple empathy" - Caruso so empathically being the role of the painter Cavaradossi in Tosca and you duplicating it. Great. You did'nt have to know anything about the opera to experience  and "feel" the communcation.

  • I have this recording. That's a modern orchestra, recorded in hi-fi, grafted onto Caruso's voice. That's why it sounds so good. It comes from an album called Caruso 2000. But you are NOT hearing the orchestra that Caruso actually sang with.

  • great job remastering such a classic, bravo maestro!

  • Fantastic recording! I love the third quote under the photo. He really does convey suffering through this. He apparently has an amazing amount of empathy for the characters he plays in operas, especially Canio in Pagliacci. Unfortunately, there are some singers who are unable to do this as well as Caruso. (Jose Carreras is another singer who can relate to his roles extremely well.)

  • Part of the instrumental intro can be heard in the original recording, but I guess the people who did this wanted to extend it a little. I don't hear the violin intro very often; a lot of recordings just jump to the familiar clarinet solo.

  • His voice penetrates a timbre a that is both soft and intense. You can so clearly the emotion he puts into this piece by just simply listening to the tone of his voice. Caruso contains a essential quality that is hard to describe, but cannot be found as intense in other tenors. In my opinion, Caruso is one of the major tenors of opera history.

  • @singaling44: Marisa, you are an extremely perceptive gal. I believe the essential quality (just my opinion) you are referring to is his empathy - his ability to communicate the feelings of the role he is singing. - Being the person.

    Some people can hear/feel this, others can't, but you can which (for me) means that you have what I would define as "excellent empathetic intelligence".

  • It is simply...Perfection.

  • Stunning! Thank you.

  • I like to ear the beginning of the aria, almost nobody takes from there. Wonderful music. My emotion for not only Caruso but for the great Puccini.

  • I'd like to say thank you to @tomfroekjaer for posting this video, and to Enrico Caruso, that has made important discoverys about the human voice.

    Abraços do Brazil!

  • il maestro di tutti.....Bravissimo Enrico.

  • Tom,

    thanks for your reply. I will Google "caruso digital comeback" as you suggest. I am continuing to enjoy your posts.

    thanks

    Berine

  • Amazing accomplishment: taking the old circa 1900 recordings and digitally injecting so much life into them. Caruso sounds absolutely fabulous: it really is an epiphany. I am very curious about the process whereby the original recording of Caruso was dubbed over what appears to be a much newer orchestral accompaniment recording. How were they able to remove the original (piano) accompaniment? Thanks for your reply.

  • @bernie57: hi Bernie, the voice of Caruso  was extracted digitally from the old 78 shellacs and the modern orchestration recorded / added while listening to the extracted voice. You may find more info by googling "Caruso digital comeback." Best, Tom

  • Yes, "he is singing the SOUL of the melody"!

    Tka for this wonderful post.

  • @Aetion: you are very welcome! And thanks for you comments on my other Caruso uploads of Fenesta che lucive and Vieni sul mar. - For me Caruro sang the soul or the essence of the melodies. High C's, techniques, conformity to standards are for me quite irrelevant when Caruso sings. It's all about heart, soul and emotions ... for me the very reason for opera or singing.

  • I have no word...but WOW!

  • The suggestion of vocal Enrico Caruso will remain unique forever and for all. He was not a simple tenor or the tenor. It was the "voice" for excellence. Basso, baritono and tenore together. Had everything: power, sweetness, expressiveness, color, technique, style and agility. His voice was a universe of colors and emotions can cover the entire musical range.

  • @natolibero63: thanks for your very intelligent comment/observation. Yes, he was unique - for me the greatest male singer in recorded history. I like to listen to many singers/tenors, but I always get back to Enrico - the "primitive" (uneducated) Neapolitan genius that gave the world his heart....

  • @tomfroekjaer Who says Enrico was uneducated?

  • @foureyedlunatic: several biographies amongst them the one from his wife Dorothy called Wings of Song. He had some three years of primary school and had to leave the school because the family couldn't pay the monthly fee of 5 lire.

    He had difficulties reading his whole life. On the other hand he spoke some 7 languages. His he had little, but enough singing lessons to guide him in the right direction without brainwashing him.

    You can find more information on my Caruso website.

  • La suggestione del timbro vocale di Enrico Caruso resterà ineguagliabile per sempre e per chiunque .Egli non era un semplice tenore o il tenore. Era la voce per eccellenza. Basso, baritono e tenore insieme. Possedeva tutto: potenza, dolcezza, espressività, colore, tecnica, eleganza e agilità. La sua voce era un universo di colori ed emozioni capace di coprire lintera gamma musicale.

  • This is one of the most beautiful pieces of music I've heard in my whole life.

  • @t0nk0n: thank you for listening ! You have just experienced the creations of two Italian geniouses: Giacomo Puccini (composer) and Enrico Caruso (tenor)

  • magnifique cependant je trouve dommage de remasturiser l'original est si divin!

  • Assolutamente inarrivabile.

  • I don't know who to thank, Caruso or God, for this beautiful voice.

  • He was, is and will be the greatest! Thanks, tusin tak, for posting this! Uli from Leipzig, Germany

  • Hallo Uli ! Ich (emp)finde, dass Caruso - im Vergleich zu späteren Tenoren - irgendwie eine zusätzliche Dimension hatte. Eine seidenweiche, sehr einfühlende Stimme, jedoch - wenn angebracht - auch unheimlich kraftvoll. Dass er mit seinen Voraussetzungen (gebürtlichen, ausbildungsmässigen - zwei Jahre Grundschule - und sehr dürftiger Stimmbildung) so durchsetzen konnte, kann nur auf ein aussergewöhnliches Naturtalent hinweisen.

    Herzliche Grüsse, Tom

  • Chilling along the spine..as always when i listen to this miracle of Nature!

  • FIne work, a young newbie of the lyric world would like to thank you Tom, Cheers

  • I thank you, angelosparis, for listening to my nostalgic uploads.

    Sorry about the delay in answering you. - YT is becoming a full time job :-)

  • Thank you Tom, for all of your postings!

  • You are very welcome, SlugaBoziji !

  • thank you tomfroekjaer for all your postings.. my thanks from greece

  • You are most welcome, fun7gr !

  • God! This is beyond singing!

  • @AnryK2690: that is a very perceptive statement !

    For me too he isn't just singing, he is communicating the very essence of Cavaradossi'a feelings before his execution. I think it would have been quite an experience to hear Caruso sing live....

  • My favourite tenors are Giuseppe di Stefano, Franco Corelli and Placido Domingo. But I don't consider Caruso when I am trying to somehow classify them. He is above them, sure.same with divine Callas.i'm glad that you think the same.

  • The ultimate performance of Tosca would be Caruso singing with Callas !!! I think their voices would just melt together - can almost hear it !

  • Just imagine...

  • @AnryK2690

    u nailed that one u did

  • ? I don't get it.

  • How can one man have so many gifts? That incomparable voice, dramatic and lyric simultaneously? That incredible phrasing, heart-rending emotion. It is, and always will be, Caruso.

  • Try to listen this melody sung by other big tenors. Only Caruso will make you cry ! That's why he is the biggest.

  • This is at least true also for me, but maybe not for everybody which is OK.

    An Italian teenager made an interesting comment on YT regarding Caruso.

    He wrote that he had listened to many other tenors on YT and they REALLY felt what they were singing, but Caruso was different: he made YOU feel the emotion.

  • best

  • Toscanini was sooooo right!

  • Immortal.

  • ottimo

  • By the order of GREAT TENORS I would say CARUSO, BJEORLING and Franco Corelli/ Del MonaCO...bUT Caruso is King of them ALL!!!! Caruso's Voice is Like the UNIVERSE it has many colors and keeps on Expanding....There's no one out there that sings anything like the Legendary CARUSO!!!!!!!!!

  • i feel cheated by circumstance listening to these clips of caruso. in a different generation, i could listen to him sing live and i would pay top dollar to do it. but i am greatful for those who put his recordings online. he is the king. his voice even through the early recordings sends a shock through my spine. the closest we've got in this generation was Pavorotti and much love to his talents rip. but caruso is still king

  • Listening to Caruso/Bjoerling is good for any singer. Their musicality, phrasing, and ability to display "a line" is a lesson for us all. Many baritones I have known spend to much time trying just for dark dramatic effect and often lose their voices early.

  • how much sense does it make for me as a baritone to listen to Caruso and great tenors for influence and inspiration ?

  • I'm a baritone, I listen to Caruso and Corelli for inspiration; for their Heart, their concepts of Breathing ie, ability to create and manage air flow and air pressure and their daring.

  • If you sing just casually listen to all great singers. If you plan on singing baitone roles for a living then maybe focus on the baritone arias and their interpretation. Lot of great baritones on youtube to gather from ... the likes of Warren Tibbett and Merril[ to name but a few]

  • absolutly awesome

  • This is so wonderful ... I've tried to listen to other tenors and THEY are really feeling the songs ..... Caruso is different, he's something special because he makes YOU feel the song. Wonderful ..

  • That's a very interesting observation, Stefano2071.

    Thank you.

  • LA PIU GRANDE STELLA interpreta : E lucevan le stelle !!!! IMORTALE !!! Grazie!

  • I cannot begin to describe how much I love this recording. I've been listening to it daily for three months now, and every time I am moved to tears again. That voice....such emotion.....

    Thanks so much for posting this!

  • Yes, Parmenides1975, certainly worth listening to more than once!

  • Amazing singing. These newly re-done orchestra parts don't work though - it sounds like they're keeping time with a grammophone. Bravo Caruso!

  • Wow....that is so full of feeling and soul...SO beautiful

    Thank you so much for posting..

  • You're very welcome, dodi132.

    The essence of Caruso's performances was exactly that: feeling and soul.

    He created the foundation for modern tenors.

  • this recording is over 100 years old . how incredible and marvelous to be able to listen greatest male voice of all time with just few mouse clicks ?! to me ,it's like a dream ! appreciate your  work Tom

  • You are most welcome, ytertyu!

    I thought this unique voice would be worth sharing with others... and - hopefully - help to preserve the memory of it to future generations.

  • It makes me wonder if, out of all the people, there could be another living now with a voice that can match. Where is he?

  • Don't know of anyone alive today that has a similar voice....

    Dr. P. Mario Marafioti wrote in his book 'Caruso's Method of Voice Production' :

    Caruso was not a tenor, not a baritone, not a basso; he was a singer who had the vocal characteristics of all three combined.

    He had a voice which did not recognize scholastic, conventional classifications of registers, and ignored all limitations in its range.

  • Non è possibile sentire questa rarità senza emozione-Stupenda voce-

    Incisione eseguita con tecniche primordiali ma in grado di esprimere la grande possibilità vocale del Grande Caruso

  • This was recorded in February 1904, but one can hear the emotion and charisma of one of the greatest tenor of all times - despite the poor recording techniques.

  • what's going on at 3:52?....that sounds a little off...

  • You mean the sobbing? This was introduced by Caruso to add more effect/emotion. I think it fits well to the situation of being about to be executed.

  • I love Caruso and his is indeed one of the greatest....but that weep he is trying to pull sounds off to me...I mean I listened to other posts with "lucevan le stelle" by caruso and frankly I liked it more in the versions he didn't do that....The idea was indeed pretty good...maybe live it sounded better....who knows maybe it's the digital remastering with an effect...or maybe I just don't know what I'm talking about...otherwise he trully is magnificent...thanks for posting this vid:)

  • No problem that you don't like him sobbing in the aria :-) - He recorded this aria only two times as far as I know (1902 and this one from 1904 - I think) and on both of them he is sobbing.

  • No, there's more recording of this one by him. Including one where he starts singing way before he supposed to.

  • I really like addition. It really sells that final line.

  • great singing.......

    i have a friend video......go to...."building a mexican baritone voice".......and let him know your opinion.....he is doing his vocal workout

  • I looked at it . quite interesting!

  • ma è stupendo........

  • Que pereza

  • I read the comments by Puccini and others about Caruso when I listened. They were so correct.! If you cannot tell he was the greatest, there is something seriously the matter...

  • or cause he still performed in time when music industry fully developed and had done alot of performances with pop stars. Unlike him, in Caruso case I have the feeling that its the legend itself that keeps his aura of "greatest". The recordings were so poor that it is as if you can say at any given time: "We cant hear him, but if we could, you would admit he is the greatest, the one and only without a shade of doubt".We can never know, and it is, in its own way frustrating. Thats my observation

  • markovican, all you say is totally correct. And you are making at lot of sense.

    I can only relate my own experience.

    If I completely relax and just listen (not to this recording - but the old shellacs), I'm not adding his historical glory to my experience, but just feel him singing and it hits me in my very soul. I don't care about the scratchings or the lost quality.

  • Yes, but you see, it seems I cant get a hint of him "being the greatest" like this, I cant get that supervoice like from Mario Del Monaco, ye I know poor recordings are to be blamed for that... Like there are alot of tenors that can rival him in some way, dont get me wrong his greatness is not in question by anything or anyone whatsoever, but I wouldnt call him the greatest ever. I have some gut feeling that while in Pavarottis case people call him best ever either cause they heard only of him,

  • He is great, but, in my humble opinion, a bit overrated, maybe its cause I dont have the hearing for these old records(no matter how well done and presented), dont know really, I mean he died in 1921 and due to the fact that recordings were not that great at the day, we might never be able to objectively compare him to the other all time greats.

  • Well, you're right about the difficulty of comparing to other greats. On the other hand why compare them at all :-)

    They are all unique in their own way.

    In my opinion he's underrated because of the poor recordings! - This digitally remastered version is somewhat killing his voice. The original shellacs probably transport his voice the best.

  • Type in "caruso danza" in youtube, below the "more info" there is a website in myspace, click on it, click "video" below caruso's pic in the top left, and you can here a bit of his POWER more clearly and also his excellent techniques.

    Maybe this recording can help you appreciate Enrico Caruso more or why Pavarotte called him the foundation of every tenor.

    Thanks

  • Thanks - the text is actually taken from my Caruso website .... (click on my username and then the website).

  • Thanks, tomfroekjaer! Great!

  • My pleasure, Rio1949, !

  • Caruso è immortale!

  • Por Dios que bonito

  • Dear God,listen to me :why haven´t you made artists like this very one, Enrico Caruso,immortal physically speaking?!

  • That would have been nice, but apparently not part of the plan !

    At least we have some recordings - even if they are not the greatest ...

  • JTA in this world ? cant you see him being laughed at by Simon on american idol ?

  • I love this aria as sung by many tenors (Schipa, Gigli, Pavarotti, etc.), but none like Caruso. I think that, in addition to his incredible voice, "feeling" is the key. Whoever said Caruso sings the soul of the melody had it right. He's the one who brings me always to the verge, if not right into the midst, of tears.

  • Yes, that's it. The feeling - aside from the great voice. Richard Strauss was the one that said Caruso is singing the soul of the melody. Thanks for listening.

  • OH MY GOD!!!

    He makes me want to physically cry

    If the song went on any longer I'm sure I would break down.

  • OK to cry :-)

    It is a beautiful rendition...

  • I actually don't like him, but I like the Opera, specially this part and I put ***** because it was an exellent modification.

  • Well, you're a funny fellow :-)

    Thanks for rating!

  • On this day in 1920 (Sept 16th) the recording career of Enrico Caruso ended. I first heard his voice in 1971. Now 37 years later the thrill is just a great. I was lucky to share a number of evenings with Franco Corelli and Jerome Hines and listen to original Caruso recordings on a Victrola..They both agreed that his voice was something beyond words. Corelli said that Caruso had a beautiful sad tone and Hines said that Caruso's recordings were a master class, specially the trio from I Lombardi

  • Dear Tom,

    I want to congratulate with you for this awesome work you have done. You give to the great Caruso's voice his immortality.

    Caruso was the tenor that my late father prefered above all with Gigli and Di Stefano, if he could hear your work...

    I wish you the best!

  • Thank you very much!

    I've uploaded videos to YouTube and created my Caruso website to share my own personal experience with others. - It gives a whole new dimension and intensity to be able to share it.

  • Wow!! THANK YOU for this amazingly clear version!!

  • You're welcome. More of the same kind on my website.

  • Thank you again!!!

  • .. Weep humanity with pride - like you have wept over Bach, Mozart, Beethoven ....

  • My goodness what a voice. I am totally blown away with this. Over the years I have listned to various old recordings of Caruso but the quality of the recording has always left me thinking that I couldn't tell if he was as great as they would have us believe. but this has opened my eyes and ears. His voice sounds so "bright" and rings so pure,like a bell.His singing is full of true emotion and no fake sentimentality. Truly Magnificent.

  • Glad to be able to share this with you! The voice of Caruso was digitally extracted from an old recording and dubbed with a modern Austrian orchestra.

    Caruso was always genuine - giving all he had and being so engulfed in the role that he never heard himself sing.

  • Tom, You possess a great gift to be able to do what you do. Thank you so much for the experiance. There is something in caruso's voice that one cannot quite define. Could it be simply Greatness?

  • You are very welcome!

    And you are absolutely right: there is something in Caruso's voice that cannot be defined objectively. He sings the very soul of the music. - Amazing that it still a hundred years later shines so brightly through...

  • It's soul...you can FEEL it.

  • Great performance full of passion. Fantastic that it can be kept for posterity.

  • what a great talent!

  • Oh, Tom....so wonderful. By the end, I was crying so hard, the tears are, even now, streaming down my face. Thank you, thank you.

    Your presentation is so fine. To look into those eyes as I listened...ahhh. And..very interesting quotes added. Very, very nice.

  • Sounds great. I don't think that anything was lost from the original. Thanks.

  • Nice work, thanks!

Loading...
0 / 00Unsaved Playlist Return to active list
    1. Your queue is empty. Add videos to your queue using this button:
      or sign in to load a different list.
    Loading...Loading...Saving...
    • Clear all videos from this list
    • Learn more