DNA Replication

[EpicGreenCat]

Looks like a weird sewing machine.

[jeydii06]

Incomplete info. Good animation, though.

[jonk512]

THUMBBBZ UP IF YOUR HERE CAUSE OF AMANDA Y!!11!!!!!

[jessicahomely101]

her voice makes me uneasy. there's too much... excitement

[Blackberrypipe]

I dont understand.. what are these brown balls then..??????

[8crazy88]

This is not very detailed. .__.

[soren329]

lol, wtf am I watching?

[anfro18]

the scary part is i understand all of what she just sped through :|

[huttyjuju123]

what is the clamp called?

[SophieDP1]

@huttyjuju123 the clamp is simply reffered to as the clamp, the clamp loader haver is also known as the gamma complex which is relayed to the two core enzymes by the tau complex (i.e. linker)

[jeydii06]

@huttyjuju123 B2 subunit of the DNA Polymerase III (Sliding DNA clamp)

[Qstyles18]

WHY YOU SPEAK ENGRISH SO FAST FO??

[456honoka]

2 mins of 'wtf'

[heart4evilyn]

The music scared me!

[lanalu12]

Writing it down makes it much easier to learn.

[Zumerjud]

i dont understand whats happening-especially the 2nd half-that was just freaky

[FootDanielLight]

'we' is the last refuge of the man who is afraid to use a more intimate impersonal pronoun

[jb12124]

I am just so confuse when it starts at

[kt032]

Is this the same thing as the holoenzyme in prokaryotes?

[RachelHeather13]

@kt032 no, that is for transcription, not replication

[italbello6t9]

There is a small error. The primer in this video is shown synthesizing RNA primer 3' to 5' which is incorrect because we are on the lagging strand. The primer should work backwards much like how DNA polymerase must work in reverse for the lagging strand. It always goes 5' to 3', and the primase violated this rule in the video.

[PavelKrupin]

@italbello6t9 You are incredibly right! I watched this video five times at least trying to understand this mistake.

[TeodorVonBurg]

That's cute, but what about the remaining primers? Complete the story...

[dianafeiteira]

IM GOING TO KILL MYSFEL :''(

[Shabasky1]

@dianafeiteira dont

[losttya]

its so confusing i still don't get it wt to do!?

[randy161616]

Watched this high and the 2and half of the video rocked my world

[ProteinFTL]

worst fucking video ever...still amazed at the amount of likes!

[mygrandpappyisafrog]

AHHHH where is the clamp loader!!!???

[Meltemfb48]

stupid complicated video!!!!

[Romis008]

brainwashed by second half of the video!!

[miceskin]

What if the base pairs of the single loop of the lagging strand match up and link together while the polymerase of the lagging strand is working backwards from the primer? Mutation????

[kajal199560]

huh what is going on ???

[PilotzInTheSky]

Thank you so much for the visualisation! it helps so much when u need to study and understand this process!!!! (n_n) thx!!!!!!

[Darkoooooooo]

There's another animation showing it slower and more understandable on the link below (just add the three "w" in the beginning), but it has a difference, the RNA primase isn't a part of the protein complex and it correctly adds the primer from 5' to 3'... My biology book clearly says the primase is attached to the helicase which would mean a synthesis from 3' to 5', which one is correct?

mcb.harvard.edu/losick/images/­trombonefinald.swf

[MrHypocrism]

@Darkoooooooo Synthesis is from 5' to 3', as the polymerisation reaction involves addition of a nucleotide to the 3'-OH

[NailAliNaila]

Oh my God! After hours studying I can finnaly see it. THANKS!

[shafran32]

thanks for the upload very useful..........

[Arenicolous]

Extremely helpful. Wish it would go a little slower though :/

[MrsPadlock]

please, could anyone write down what the video is saying? It's seems very interesting but unfortunately it's speaks really too fast for a non-english speaker ;(

[ntgnr9]

creepy music

[sammy3212321]

I prefer the other animation.

[pereztr8]

This is going the wrong way . . . .

[jiujiuplus]

Thanks a lot!　Ｔｈｉｓ　ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ　ｓｈｏｗｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ　ｓｔｒａｎｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｉｓ　ｆｏｌｄｅｄ　ｂａｃｋ　ｄｕｒｉｎｇ　ｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｓｏ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ　ＩＩＩ　ｄｉｍｅｒ　ｃａｎ　ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ　ａ　ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄ　ＤＮＡ　ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ　ｏｎ　ｂｏｔｈ　ｌｅａｄｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ　ｓｔｒａｎｄｓ．

[MrVexedspirit]

fuck you! this is fiendishly complicated

[Zellig]

@MrVexedspirit XD i think we'll get it if we just take some time and reasearch all the components. It's just a little computer. Which is weird. Dna computers work to make a human computer and when that computer achieves intelligence (we can see DNA as being the founding fathers of artificial intelligence XD) we use it to make more computers o.O the Universe is a helluva drug.

[11cjasp11]

@MrVexedspirit agreed. there has to be a more basic and straightforward explanation for this horse shit

[miceskin]

@11cjasp11 Oh this IS the simplified explanation son. How complicated it really is would baffle you.

[11cjasp11]

@miceskin im no biologist, thats for sure!

[TDMagic1]

@MrVexedspirit Get to the graduate level, and you will be thankful for this stuff.

[muzzammil9]

@MrVexedspirit This is for students pursuing bio in College or University. Keep your high school tantrums to yourself.

[SophieDP1]

@MrVexedspirit I'm guessing you're in highschool - this is university level biology all you need to know is that because DNA is always synthesised in the 5-3 direction , that the lagging strand (5' -3' strand) needs to be synthetised in okazi fragments from RNA primers added by Primase.

[dukeassa]

very helpful. thanks



[rockgirl236]

finalyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy I unterstoooooood.......thank you soooo much 

[jtparker100]

this does not explain how the primer on the lagging strand is then removed... by polymerase I, and then how the 'nick' between okasaki fragments is ligased...

[Biologybytes]

For great AS biology videos go to youtube dot com/biologybytes

[IvanThePeabody]

I don't like it! There are vids that explain the process much better! It's all about the graphics!

[remeader]

This video has not defined RPA proteins, alothough it shows them. This may confuse viewers who are not familiar with the subject

[Msholyangel17]

Please help here? I am so confused. DNA synthesis is 5' to 3' but the new template made is 3' to 5' right? What about the nucleotides being added? Which direction does that go? The nucleotides are being added to the existing strand in 5' to 3' but after it is added and sealed by ligase, the new strand is antiparallel which is 3' to 5' right? SO, if I have a question which asks the nucleotides are being added in what direction? What is it? 5' to 3' or 3' to 5'???

[remeader]

@Msholyangel17 DNA synthesis is always in the 5' to 3' direction. This is due to the biochemistry of a nucleotide, which has a hydroxyl group (-OH) hanging off carbon 3 of the ribose sugar of the nucleotide, hence 3'. This can only react with a phosphate (part of the triphosphate chain) which is connected to carbon 5 of the nucleotide, hence 5'.

DNA polymerase is uni-directional, it will only ever synthesis in this direction. Are you at graduate level ? also, this video leaves out DNA ligase

[Msholyangel17]

@remeader Thank you so much! That does help a lot. So, what about when adding nucleotides? What direction is that? 3' to 5'? I got my BA in biology about 3 years ago. I am preparing for the teachers' certificate exam for Life Sciences 8-12.

[remeader]

@Msholyangel17 It is important that we remember what strand of the DNA we are talking about when discussing DNA replication. For example, the parent strand (the template) could lie with the 3' on the left and the 5' end on the right and we add creating out daughter strand on top, running anti-paralell. If you regard the parent strand, then yes, adding nucleotides are being added 3' to 5', but regarding the newly synthesised strand (daughter strand) it is in the 5' to 3' direction.

[remeader]

@remeader sorry ' we ARE creating out daughter strand' typo !

[fumfulapenguin]

i still dont get one thing, why single strand binding proteins stop to attach lagging strand?

[TheAce0]

This makes it SO much easier to understand!

[disc33]

I feel that it doesn't show the 5'-3' distinction that clearly...but amazing animation nonetheless.

[scuzzulus]

sweet.

[almushtaq86]

thanks alot

[deefromott]

lead: 5'---3'

lag: 3'---5'

so if the primer is the compliment of the lagging strand, its direction will be: 5'---3'

[laure189]

All the amazing videos are just making me LOVE molecular Bio!!

[prof3f]

Excuse-me, but blue stand (RNA) aren't removed, in lagging stand?

[aamantubillah]

@prof3f They are, by DNA Ligase i belive

[prof3f]

missgenie89, You are really confuse. In the figure, upper and rigth, yellow point is 3', and upon and right point is 5', then in blue (lagging) you'll observe adds nucleotides in 3' end. In blue, observe that at right 5' end, and in left 3' end. So, nucleotides adds in 3' end. Correct. Sorry, I don't know read in inglash. So, excuse-me.

[Gzorz]

Don't believe a word of these lies.

[devin350z]

Okazaki? Is that from bleach?

[Suzeqte]

It's dropping (attaching) the primer 3' to 5', but the replication is occurring 5' to 3'.

[RomesFinest]

This video explained lagging strand synthesis better in one minute than my professor was able to in 30 minutes. Thanks so much!

[albaskateboarding]

thumbs up if after watching this video you still don't understand DNA replication.

[jegra83]

Anyone watching this should be aware of recent data that suggest that the factory model is dead, for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; there is no organization of polymerases as this movie shows.

[valerioboa]

are the "orange balls" the Single Strand Binding proteins?

[missgenie89]

Is it just me who sees the RNA primase as synthesising the primer from 3' to 5'. I know I get confused with the polarities but it really does look that way. Any confirmation would be appreciated. Thanks

[shocs19]

@missgenie89 ,well, I see it too. At first look, I didn't notice, but I guess it is reall wrong. But the mistake isn´t in the primase. If you see it carefuly, this strand is going 3' to 5'. So, the primase is synthesising 5' to 3'. So far so good. But the DNA polimarase is wrong. It is reaaly syntissing 3' to 5´.

My Englis is awfull, but I expect you understand it. :)

[2BFeXX]

@shocs19: On the parental strand, the yellow strain has its 3' end on the right. After the loop, the Pol-III runs along the yellow matrix strand 3' to 5', the complementary nucleotide sequence is therefore elongated 5' to 3', so everything is alright. The primase instead really seems to synthesize the primer 3' to 5', as it runs 5' to 3' on the yellow strand, directly following the replication fork opening.

Unfortunately I'm unable to find more information about this, too.

[shocs19]

@missgenie89 sorry, you're right. XDDD

[2BFeXX]

@shocs19 ah sorry, I didn't see your second comment ^^

[George92ut]

@missgenie89 The helicase is moving in a 5'-->3' direction along the original lagging whilst the primase must move in a 5'-->3' direction along the new lagging strand. The primosome momentarily revereses its direction to synthesise the RNA primer before continuing in the original helicase dictated direction(Voet,Voet&Pratt Principles of Biochemistry). The main thing this video does is illustrate the trombone model, so the primosome action isnt too crucial. :)

[InternalCorruption]

@missgenie89

All of the newly synthesized complimentary DNA is elongated/constructed in the 5'-to-3' manner (relative to the strand being made). Whether it's the primer, the leading strand DNA, or the lagging strand DNA, they're all made 5'-3'.

If you're naming it relative to the parent DNA strand, the lagging strand is synthesized on the 3'-5' parent DNA strand, while the leading strand is synthesized on the 5'-3' parent DNA strand.

[LJZeRRo]

@missgenie89 The animation is correct. In the leading strand, it goes from 5' to 3' as left to right. In de lagging strand it goes from 5' to 3' as right to left. But the lagging strand in this animation is folded into a loop and to the viewer, it synthesises DNA from left to right.

[bryantm6]

@missgenie89 Primase does synth RNA primers 3' to 5'. In know in 5' to 3' dNTP incorporation the reaction is driven by the release and hydrolysis of PP but for the RNA primase direction i dont know. I would assume that primase incorporates NTPs not NMPs so the next 5' nuceotide is added with a 3'-OH nucleophilic attack releasing the PP on a NTP already H-bonded on the template. Can anyone help? I'm not sure if this is correct.

[Fa6ade]

@missgenie89 It is, relative to the template. But if you consider it relative to the RNA strand then it's 5' to 3'.

[NatalyInsanity]

@missgenie89 that's exactly my confusion =(

[omgbbqyax]

waay o kahverengi olanlar T-Rna dikis makinesi gibi yapmislar :D Ben klavye olarak dusunmustum :P Klavyeden veri girisi gerekli olan protein Ascii kodlari ornegin A=65 8 bit 01-01-10-11 Insulin= 8 bit oldugunu varsay =AT-GS-SG-TA Herbir proteinin ascii kodlari var M-rna (Ram) gecici olarak kopyaliyo, Ribozoma gonderiyo oda Islemci, gelen kodlarda a olusturmak icin gerekli araclari tespit edim T-rna ya gonderiyor ve T-rna tum ihtiyaclari karsilayip getiriyor ve protein olusuyor .Benim yordamim ..

[purplesky001]

Not bad, but doean't mention that DNA pol I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with the appropriate DNA sequence.

[ABCDOREMI1235]

what are the brown circles?

[MsWaii]

@ABCDOREMI1235 They are Single-Stranded Binding Proteins (SSBs), they are proteins that help keep the two template strands apart from each other while DNA helicase unwinds them.

[ABCDOREMI1235]

@MsWaii Thank you

[iDislikeNames]

This didn't make sense to me

[Zenome]

@iDislikeNames Maybe cause you're a moron.

[illmatikkk]

@Zenome

That's not very nice.

[juliagoolia181]

excellent!!

[MrLoool707]

thank you so much

im fahad from KSA

[Rshinde951]

its 2d but let me tell you its very undersandable. keep on and make even good videos.

[lemongan]

I guess the little brown "balls" are SSB protein ??

[humanstructureVIDEOS]

annoying voice. sorry.

[Kukkumolu]

good one

But my tutor taught me that a single DNA polymerase is having two core regions synthesizing the leading and lagging strand

[Emil18ftw]

@Kukkumolu tutor for biology..hmm

[Ramouni27]

@Kukkumolu your tutor is right

[Kukkumolu]

good one

But my tutor taught me that a single DNA polymerase is having two core regions synthesizing the leading and lagging strand

[Kukkumolu]

good one

But my tutor taught me that a single DNA polymerase is having two core regions synthesizing the leading and lagging strand

[ceciliawaingei]

eee, shoat shet khat nay tar pal >.< @_@ not clear

[Rottentwinkerz]

not a very clear explanation...

[scottietang2]

Yeah I don't think the clamps randomly diffuse to find the RNA template on the lagging strand though. That sounds like a job for the clamp-loading complex of pol3

[AmroNightWing777]

the green balls are called (DNA polymerase III)

and u missed the info about (DNA polymerase I) that replaces the RNA Primers with DNA , and DNA ligase that links the Okazaki Fragments ..

[TNeReFFiDeB27]

so te baked beans are proteins?

[edowney0606]

The beta clamps should be on opposite sides...no?

[soggyrabbits]

this is my screen saver

[JennuYasha]

Thanks! I had a hard time getting my head around the lagging strand but this makes perfect sense.

[melodiousby02]

her voice is so hypnotic

[sikeyourfuckingmind]

Helped me so much in my Biotechnology class!

[Adz795]

No mention of ligase....?

[DarkFacet]

damn this a good vid... but how should I describe this process with words

[quirksinlife]

DOES THAT MEAN THAT ALL THE OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS ARE EQUIVALENT??

[DreamsofMajesty]

scribd (dot) com/nb812

[MsMac643]

This video is great. Only I wish you could talk a bit slower so I don't have to pause like a zillion times!

[blazer1211]

it doesn't mention what happens to the RNA primers, i think they are filled in by DNA ligase?

[snikkeltje]

@blazer1211 Polymerase I replaces the primer with DNA en the Ligase connects the newly placed DNA with the rest of the strand

[nikolboteva]

@snikkeltje I guess that's the only thing that could be added to this video. Great work anyway!!!

[RuniChannel1]

I think its a bit premature to describe DNA replication as simply as some kind of "type-writer tape-scroll" we simply do NOT know how it works. full stop.

[mrsonsai]

My biochemistry professor danced to the music in this video. Made my day.

[jesca215]

very good detail! thanks

[lightphs]

this video is best video that explane of the DNA replication super easy.

I like this. thank you very much

[vkarsenal]

any one can tell me what those small round things are?? after the rna primer?? are the dNTPs??

[oOflanbyOo]

@vkarsenal Nope they're the single strand binding proteins that keep the 2 DNA chains separated and straightens the chain

[supermikellillo]

If i'm not mistaken this depicts the primase syntesizing the RNA primer in the 3'->5' direction. Surely this is wrong?

[gangsterper]

If you learn a little about lipids and bases you will find that it is just a matter of time (lots of time) and the laws of chemistry, and things like this will happen!

People will allmost allways turn to religion when they face something they cannot understand. Time and time again in history we see this, and when it comes to advanced biochemisty, few people actually know how it works.. and as allways, many turn to religion! Dont use sciense to find out what YOU are looking 4, but what it is!

[enjoyu2b]

Thank you for up loading!!

[BigAl53750]

Let me get this straight, these incredibly complex, interactions, with all parts totally reliant on all the other parts functionality and presence, just 'happened'?

By accident?

Yeah, right!

In that case, I have this bridge I wanna sell you.

It's down in Sydney Australia and you can have it for a cool million dollars.

[gangsterper]

@BigAl53750

Not by accident, but by beeing super efficient! There is a reason that eukaryotic cells use it still and has not evolved much since they where prokaryotes!

Life is amazing and it follows the laws of chemistry, physics and biology!

[BigAl53750]

@gangsterper Actually, the individual components of a cell cannot be super efficient until they have been formed into a cell. For this to happen, they need to be gathered together, and placed into relationship with one another such that they form an integrated, super efficient whole. That is the part that can't possibly happen by accident.

If you doubt this, check up on enzymes that can survive in water, or chemical reactions that are not degraded by water. When you find some, let me know.

[fbxcore]

@BigAl53750 Right, but they weren't integrated and exposed to water, there was a phospholipid bilayer, or some sort of precursor to a cell membrane that kept them inside and protected somewhat.

[gangsterper]

@BigAl53750

Ah.. sorry! Saw just now that you are a religious retard.. why comment on something you have dont know at all?? I would never start arguing about who did what in that story book we call The Bible!!

[kuzminmaya]

AMAZING video!!! thanks so much

[RammatRamzi]

I wonder how much jostling and convection inside ancient thermal vents it took to finally get this thing working right? :)

[Paakeaswamplands]

Where does Topoisomerase come into play????

[EriqHover]

@Paakeaswamplands : topoisomerase is used to relax the super coling of DNA which i think prior to the unwind of DNA

[MusicWavesMan]

WOW that is like a little machine. this video is cool

[Eye2EyeIIIV]

DNA = Do Not Abort

[coneal55]

The only way this video could be any cooler is if it were playing Raining Blood by Slayer in the background. I like my DNA Replication to be F'ing METAL!

[ironnica]

@coneal55 haha, only on youtube

[ironnica]

@coneal55 haha, only on youtube

[RiffTECK]

@coneal55

I was going to say Souls of Black by Testament but, yeah I could definately go for some Slayer!

[metalheart346]

@coneal55 I want to thank you for an epic win because my biology prof showed this video to our class of 100ish students while your comment was visible. Thank you.

[coneal55]

@metalheart346 hahaha my life is now complete

[shoemoodoshaloo]

@coneal55 Then you dorks would have to argue about:

"Man this is DNA Polymerase Metal mixed with Death metal"

"Naw man this is RNA Primase Metal mixed with funeral chords"

"OMG YA RIGHT THIS IS APPLEBEES METAL"

[thecareerballoons]

@coneal55 Slayer is awful. Just terrible.

[dreamrage1]

@coneal55 there is one thing apart from raing blood, she didnt tell us the proper name for clamp.

[NiagaraSmash]

@dreamrage1 there is no name for clamp, its just called DNA clamp

[cheddybumpkins]

@coneal55 it would be even cooler if the nucleotides coded for the guitar riffs for Raining Blood.

[bldyi]

@coneal55 i concur. Slayer rules and Bio rules.

-Bio Club President + Metal Head :-)

[soulsh0t]

The DNA primer is made by DNA primase, but this polymerase only works from 5' - 3', in the video it is synthetised from 3' - 5'. Is the video incorrect?

[wehtam1063]

Nope this video is completely correct. Both strands are being synthesized 5'-3', the method shown here is known as the trombone model. Probably more than what you learned.

[soulsh0t]

Hehe, you should read what I've typed. I'm not talking about synthesising the strands, i'am taling about making the primer for the strand. RNA primase is a 5'-3' proteine, in this video shown, it looks like it is a 3'-5' proteine.

Anyway I asked my prof, and this video should be correct. Since the primer is ~10-15bp long, it can be made on the 5'-3' string without the loop (as you call it trombone)

[1aaronaaron1]

when do you learn about the trombone model?

[pammcake]

it looks likes its using some yummy peanuts to feed and produce the new dna =)

[muzzlesniff]

COOLEST VID EVER.

got to love the trippy music and metronome helicase. Watch this when high and know this is happening by the millions inside of you o.O