How is he holding water at 212Deg. F. in his hands? H2O is not boiling unless it is on the stove. Pick up the pan and go outside, temp drops immediately. 205 degree water is not boiling.
LoL he is kind of a dumb ass really. If he only realized that he threw about a half a gallon of water in the air and only about half of that hit the ground. Who cares if it hits the ground or not!
@Cambone13 I tried this in -30 F and water barely hit the ground and it was all steam. This was done in 0 F. It does not work as well. Yes it was kind of a joke!
I've done it repeatedly today in -29, then -26, then -22, -18 and finally -21 (Celcius of course). Works EVERY time, but the hissing sound at -29 is pretty eerie
@a65b43 It's actually really cool. You can hold them in your hand like crystal. If it gets cold enough this year I'll post for everyone to see. It's been too warm so far to have it work.
@slakerguy i tried that at -30 but with non boiled water... nothing special happened. But if you have pressure washer under -5 its quite effective in making snow
It says at zero degrees, so anyone complaining about not being cold enough or saying he looks stupid, he proves exactly what he set out to prove. Obviously at a certain temperature it would freeze....
Just because you didn't get the result you wanted, doesn't mean the result is wrong.
Ya, sorry, but zero is nowhere near cold enough. The coldest weather i've been in was -52c without the windchill. In northern Alberta in January. Like to see what happens then.
@sqw33k Well obviously it is celsius because like you said fahrenheit is equal to about 18 degrees celsius, that would be enough to evaporate the water. The water in the video just fell, if it was fahrenheit then the water would have evaporated so i dont know where you were going with that, you need to start paying attention in science class. Just to let you know... noob
boiling water and -10 or lower celsius is enough to vaporate the water.. 0 degrees is a warm temperature :D:D nice job making yourself look like an idiot.
It works if the molecules are spread more apart. throw it with more force, let spread more. Now for a large condensed water, it would requiere greater a mount of heat transfer. possibly absolute zero will do. trail and error.
We had one of the firefighters go through pots of coffee before we put a stop to it. Newbees. Gotta be colder and maybe smaller quantities. 45 or 50 F below and a coffee cup of boiling water and vapor and only vapor hits the ground and swirls. Hid the coffee tho.
I have done this with plain hot tap water but the temperature has to be way below zero. Some of the water does, indeed, hit the ground but quite a bit of it converts into a vapor cloud that is quite impressive.
The temperature has to be about -20 before the effect can be seen. It's pretty cool when it works.
The statement that none of the water will hit the ground is untrue; and you do not need to use boiling water but the hotter it is the better the effect..
Sir, you are seriously retarded to think it might be slightly plausible for a temperature of 0 celsius.
Ok, I don't claim to know what temperature you actually need to do this (note that wind factor is very important and not just for wind chill), but I have seen it on TV when it was about -30°.
And btw, it might still hit the ground, no matter how cold it is outside, as a solid state (ie. ice).
check your facts. no-one claims it to be true for 0C, it requires temperatures below that. and the big point about this effect is not that "it wont reach the ground" it is that it will freeze faster than colder water treated in exactly the same way as the warmer water,
Yep . .all these comments are pretty much correct. If the water is about a quart or less, and it is a full rolling boil, and you toss it up into the air, as this guy did, it will totally vaporize it. . . .look how much of his water got vaporized .. he's either prankin' or was too [whatever] to do it right . .
I have seen that happen at -42 and it will trun to steam before it hits the ground and u are right neworder18 it need to be much colder that -0 for it to work
uhm.... you're a dumbass. the temp outside has to be like -25F and the water has to be 200F. watch youtube video wJ3CKgZEitw . that's the Weather Channel reporting from Mt. Washington, NH on a day where it was -37F and the water was 200F. water clearly freezes everytime when thrown into the air. YOUR video is the one that's BUSTED! retard.
We did a test at FT. Greely Alaska in 1984 while I was a firefighter. The temp was -43 degrees. We set the tank heat on full on the fire truck with vents and valves closed. The temp hit 225 on the water. We cranked the pump up to 150psi and hit the deluge gun on medium fan pointed up 45 degrees. Nearly all turned to cloud with only a few drops hitting the ground. 500 gallons in one minute.
i dont brew coffee, i use instant coffee. i brew my tea, but not in boiling water. always best to get the water in the cup as soon as possible from the boil, but its never boiling water. get a themometer and try it
The myth is true, you have to have lower than zero degrees. What happens is the water turns into vapor first, and then instantly crystalizes. A similar process happens with snow.
Before you act like a smart person please remember high school. We did that in high school for heaven's sake and proved the myth true. Simple chemistry.
Yeah, the myth is at -30 your spit will freeze and crack when it hits the ground. I think at -40 it's supposed to crack mid-air. It was in an old novel about an artic explorer.
Idiots
30martybro 1 week ago
Idiots.
iihippoii 2 weeks ago
i was watching fairly odd parents right now
lastkings12 4 weeks ago
Lol You Mean You Think Its Busted Haaha
abdulkasim47 1 month ago
How is he holding water at 212Deg. F. in his hands? H2O is not boiling unless it is on the stove. Pick up the pan and go outside, temp drops immediately. 205 degree water is not boiling.
kbj42016 1 month ago
That was dumb. I have no idea who told these people that boiling water wont hit the ground in 0 degrees. But someone needs to set them straight.
1qa2ws3ed41 2 months ago
well that was good, but wait until -30C.
rockband905 3 months ago
LoL he is kind of a dumb ass really. If he only realized that he threw about a half a gallon of water in the air and only about half of that hit the ground. Who cares if it hits the ground or not!
senciz 3 months ago
zero degrees? way off. its needs to be well below 0 (F). they did it at the Mt. Washington Observatory. You didn't bust shit.
Cambone13 3 months ago 10
@Cambone13 I tried this in -30 F and water barely hit the ground and it was all steam. This was done in 0 F. It does not work as well. Yes it was kind of a joke!
KSURVEY 3 months ago
i said that's busted!
xXITPXx 3 months ago
STFU! where's Adam and Jaime!?
urjnlegend 3 months ago
if you were in zero degree temps you would have gloves on and you wouldnt have jeans on
peypeyneekin 3 months ago
@slakerguy But there is a Myth you can do it at 0 degrees.
cam7z7 3 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
i'd say you're a tard
beastdude 4 months ago
dude its supposed to be like negative 42 degrees out
212masterchief 4 months ago
:( you did it wrong
metalheadneko 4 months ago
Wow, what in depth reporting on your part. Great job Sherlock.
bijm007 4 months ago
youre dumber then my 3rd graders.
benboarder09 4 months ago
Not cold enough, guy. it really works, for I have done it myself.
backyardsounds 4 months ago
it has to be under 30 genious
XzFpsFaStErxZ 4 months ago
incorrect test I personally think plausible
dognrunn 5 months ago
weenie -.- Your face is busted.
TCATDWPABR 6 months ago
mythbusters nock off.
jolinekitty3 6 months ago
are you an idiot? it abvoiosly vaperized if you look closely, in fact only a fraction of the water didn't vaperize and hit the ground
chickenpoper 7 months ago
oh.. this guy is cool
flynvfae 7 months ago
PENDEJO!
HALOvsCOD895 7 months ago
Is this Centigrade or Fahrenheit? Either way 0 degrees is not cold enough. -30 F is usually the point at which this phenomenon occurs.
swrighteaton 7 months ago
...hah, hah-hh! In Sibera... There IS NO 'boiling' of water to begin with!!
SittingMooseShaman 7 months ago
Comment removed
Verradonairun 7 months ago
@slakerguy I know your comment was posted a year ago.
But, I cannot help responding to it.
I don't know what they're teaching kids in elementary English these days but the
correct form of "your" YOU'RE looking for is "you're" NOT "your".
Even at -20 F that water would not freeze before it hit the ground. Unless you meant -20 C.
But even then I doubt it would be cold enough outside.
Think before you post or you'll only end up looking mentally retarded, which you did.
HappyMistakes 8 months ago
@HappyMistakes -20F is colder than -20C, holmes. Look it up before you post or you'll end up looking mentally retarded, which you did.
idlovetoclimbthat 7 months ago
@idlovetoclimbthat yeah because -20c is only -4f and -20f = -28c
DjHardaFasta 7 months ago
slaker guy haha funny comment
alphabetictrust 8 months ago
yep. you sir are a real life retard. I've seen this in rexburg Idaho when the temp. hit -20
kjbigslim 8 months ago
...Im in Canada .. i can go outside at any time and do this..in fact..i have done it many times..
Its always worked -.-
drew00998 9 months ago
What is he doing?
StakkelsJimm 10 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
Not cold enough.
kickboy42 10 months ago
so funny i forgot to laugh
albinorhinofish 10 months ago
Your a retard!
SynergyRSJ 1 year ago
the water is not boiling, the only place that water could boil at zero degrease is if you go into space
NuclearMellon 1 year ago
duh, let's throw ice cube up in the air in 60 degree weather and see if they melt before they hit the ground. duh nope, myth busted.
kakakevin1 1 year ago 5
I've done it repeatedly today in -29, then -26, then -22, -18 and finally -21 (Celcius of course). Works EVERY time, but the hissing sound at -29 is pretty eerie
tghill 1 year ago
@tghill Try doing it at -43 Celsius.
OmniPresent 10 months ago
There's only like a shitload of ther videos that are clearly saying you did it wrong.
MishiChuuu 1 year ago
I WANT MY 13 SECONDS BACK
CHEGGERZ2K 1 year ago 32
put some ass into at least get some height on your toss
GTILOUD 1 year ago
check out the one in Dalton, New Hampshire where i live. plenty cold enough and gets colder
NastyNate9120 1 year ago
u almost wiped ur face off
picaticatara 1 year ago
haha you think your a myth buster. they woulda tryed more experiments than that
sonictales69 1 year ago
I'd say you're busted.
nasonguy 1 year ago
Try blowing bubbles at -20. What would happen?? 0_o
a65b43 1 year ago
@a65b43 It's actually really cool. You can hold them in your hand like crystal. If it gets cold enough this year I'll post for everyone to see. It's been too warm so far to have it work.
wildman3788 1 year ago
@wildman3788 SWEET! Yeah definitely! It got -36 here last year, so I might try it myself too!
a65b43 1 year ago
@slakerguy i tried that at -30 but with non boiled water... nothing special happened. But if you have pressure washer under -5 its quite effective in making snow
SierzantYelonek 1 year ago
I did it in Alaska during a -55 degree day - it doesn't hit the ground (at least not in the same condition it came out of the measuring cup).
BUT at 0 only.... I've never tried it.
racecarhannah 1 year ago
in norway this winter it was -46C... Some people over here will definitely say its confirmed.. fucking noob...
tordern22 1 year ago
u mean ass posters are tin hearted.
meak911 1 year ago
@slakerguy -20 is nothing.. it has to be probably at least -35 or -45 Celsius
isokessu 1 year ago
@isokessu
No, -20 is just fine.
iceyflames7 1 year ago
Has to be done at -40.
JanaHeyer 1 year ago
It says at zero degrees, so anyone complaining about not being cold enough or saying he looks stupid, he proves exactly what he set out to prove. Obviously at a certain temperature it would freeze....
Just because you didn't get the result you wanted, doesn't mean the result is wrong.
GhostInTheShell29 1 year ago
@GhostInTheShell29
The result is right, but the experiment is wrong, the myth is supposed to be at -20 degrees.
iceyflames7 1 year ago
@GhostInTheShell29
I ment the result is right for what he did, not for the experiment with -20 degrees, the myth said -20 degrees.
iceyflames7 1 year ago
"id shay thash bushteyud"
stefman666 1 year ago 2
'lookch liek ish bushted"
stefman666 1 year ago
This guy reminds me of Lowell on the show Wings!
baldrussian 1 year ago
Ya, sorry, but zero is nowhere near cold enough. The coldest weather i've been in was -52c without the windchill. In northern Alberta in January. Like to see what happens then.
fattymcgee123 1 year ago
@slakerguy is right, even though he's a noob in spelling the contracted form of "you are."
kevinjaie1 1 year ago 3
did this at -30c some years back.. works like a charm.
panzerveps 1 year ago 2
looser
Mr0Whitey 1 year ago
@slakerguy Mentally retarded is an exaggeration, very childish of you, immature fuck
Chrisman50 1 year ago
faget
IvanRox95 1 year ago
That was @thegaym0r1337 not you sqw33k, my bad
slakerguy 1 year ago
@sqw33k Well obviously it is celsius because like you said fahrenheit is equal to about 18 degrees celsius, that would be enough to evaporate the water. The water in the video just fell, if it was fahrenheit then the water would have evaporated so i dont know where you were going with that, you need to start paying attention in science class. Just to let you know... noob
slakerguy 1 year ago
@sqw33k That may be true but no one said anything about Fahrenheit. 0 degrees Celsius isnt even that cold its almost neutral.
slakerguy 1 year ago
@slakerguy And nobody said, that this is Celsius... For sure this is Fahrenheit.
thegaym0r1337 1 year ago
@slakerguy 0 degrees Celsius is exactly at freezing point, which is not cold enough at all.
kevinjaie1 1 year ago
@slakerguy 0 degrees FAHRENHEIT is equal to about -17.78 degrees celsius. Just to let you know...
sqw33k 1 year ago
faggot
turtlestrap 1 year ago
@slakerguy Lol
propyropower 1 year ago
u r gay
jettan 1 year ago
boiling water and -10 or lower celsius is enough to vaporate the water.. 0 degrees is a warm temperature :D:D nice job making yourself look like an idiot.
HullumpiEsa 1 year ago 8
Around -45 this works really good 0 where I live is a very warm day :D
WRXEXR 1 year ago 2
u proved nothing...it only starts working at around 40 BELOW 0
jgdogg441 1 year ago
It's not cold enough. I've travelled to the interior of Alaska where it drops down to -50. It works it just has to be real cold.
Zedlav101 1 year ago
you can hear the water hit the ground
terrible...
LedJam26 1 year ago
note how he said busted.
MagicBoi916 1 year ago
Sounds like Louis's Dad Off Of Family Guy.
MrSpriggz 1 year ago
The myth was never "at 0 degrees"
and that water was not hot enough.
TheBetterGame 1 year ago
try it at -40
lobsterman111 1 year ago
try it at 15-
barber574 1 year ago
try with a cup. that are too much hot water there to do it in zero degress you can do it on the north/south pole but not in zero degress.....
SandKnowHow 1 year ago
Try that at the north pole and it'll turn to snow.
SirGriefALot 1 year ago
@ ezits666 he never said anything about swimming
drew1chicken1 1 year ago
im happy that we have so many chemists watching these videos and leaving comments
alchapwn 1 year ago 2
@alchapwn hahaha
alexjalaff 1 year ago
In phisics it state that the freezing point of water is around 0 celcius. It also state that water can be liquid at this temperature. boarderline.
anthonyllegrir 1 year ago 2
It works if the molecules are spread more apart. throw it with more force, let spread more. Now for a large condensed water, it would requiere greater a mount of heat transfer. possibly absolute zero will do. trail and error.
anthonyllegrir 1 year ago
it is possible to boil water at 0 c .if we decreased external pressure to 5 mmHg. the pressure on us is 761 mmHg.means 1 atm
641rider 1 year ago
i say that fails
elliotmotoX 2 years ago 2
We had one of the firefighters go through pots of coffee before we put a stop to it. Newbees. Gotta be colder and maybe smaller quantities. 45 or 50 F below and a coffee cup of boiling water and vapor and only vapor hits the ground and swirls. Hid the coffee tho.
iamahood1 2 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
THERE IS NO ABLOSUTE 0 THERE IS NO 0 DEGREES ITS IMPOSSIBLESSSSSSSSS. sosss itss beees impossiblessss tosss tesstttssss thisssss
dederororo 2 years ago
0 degress Fahrenheit and celcius are both possible...
crapkillerz 2 years ago
@dederororo yes there is absolute 0 is 0 kelvin its not been done yet and will not happen any time soon but def is possible
danthemanftw1260 2 years ago
ur stupid absolute zero is like -274degrees celcius
richmond24 2 years ago 3
I have done this with plain hot tap water but the temperature has to be way below zero. Some of the water does, indeed, hit the ground but quite a bit of it converts into a vapor cloud that is quite impressive.
The temperature has to be about -20 before the effect can be seen. It's pretty cool when it works.
The statement that none of the water will hit the ground is untrue; and you do not need to use boiling water but the hotter it is the better the effect..
jimpeel 2 years ago
Sir, you are seriously retarded to think it might be slightly plausible for a temperature of 0 celsius.
Ok, I don't claim to know what temperature you actually need to do this (note that wind factor is very important and not just for wind chill), but I have seen it on TV when it was about -30°.
And btw, it might still hit the ground, no matter how cold it is outside, as a solid state (ie. ice).
Tamerplane 2 years ago
check your facts. no-one claims it to be true for 0C, it requires temperatures below that. and the big point about this effect is not that "it wont reach the ground" it is that it will freeze faster than colder water treated in exactly the same way as the warmer water,
N3CR1S 2 years ago
Fail he didnt even throw it high enough for it to work right and even then there was still some water that froze in the air.
razor005 2 years ago
"I'd say that's busted" hahah he sounds like Billy Bob Thorton
trick384 2 years ago
lol i think minimum u will need -15 celsius
eamonnteh 2 years ago 3
Not cold enough.
Alarindris 2 years ago 96
Yep . .all these comments are pretty much correct. If the water is about a quart or less, and it is a full rolling boil, and you toss it up into the air, as this guy did, it will totally vaporize it. . . .look how much of his water got vaporized .. he's either prankin' or was too [whatever] to do it right . .
GregERobertson 2 years ago
Umm no, not one person has said at 0 they say below zero, as in 40 or more BELOW zero.
enigma02g 2 years ago
Yeah true enigma02g LOL
Rhinoch8 2 years ago
Way too hot in the air and way too cold water. You, my friend, are busted!
Eywa ngahu,
Daz x x
daz222 2 years ago 2
0 degrees is nothing. its still 273 kelvin, compared to 373 kelvin when water was boiling.
Klopy1414 2 years ago
How long was he standing out there beforehand? Was the water still above 212 F when thrown?
Hiei2k7 2 years ago
He's holding it in a glass bowl, so im going to go ahead and say it's safe to assume it's below 212 degrees;
Rawlyboy77 2 years ago
lol it isnt even cold wtf...i say you are busted!
Prups 2 years ago 4
Liquid Nitrogen, maybe? That would explain the "boiling" at that temperature.
Lexdude0 2 years ago
need colder
bouiglob 2 years ago
0 degrees fahrenheit is not a very "special" temperature, now is it.
danielalien 2 years ago 3
is this video a troll? :(
sausagesnail 2 years ago
there is a vid that does this same thing but the temp was alot colder so the water did not hit the ground. also the water was boiling hot.
MrBrandon5256 2 years ago
I have seen that happen at -42 and it will trun to steam before it hits the ground and u are right neworder18 it need to be much colder that -0 for it to work
diggerdave51 2 years ago
Ok now, do that at 40 below. That is the "myth" And it does land in a solid form.
neworder18 2 years ago 4
c'mon, its obvious that he's not at the right place -.-
fats106 2 years ago
get a friggin high speed camera to prove it =D
XwhitmanX 2 years ago 2
That' way to much water, it's only supposed to be a cup. And with a little more tossing effort..
spiceyvideo 2 years ago 2
Well, for 1. It was starting to vaporize which tells you that it's not cold enough for all of it to vaporize.
streetskater03 2 years ago
UDude thats fucking Crazy thats wicked ur cool man
masterhijack 2 years ago
I'd say YOU'RE busted. Check yo facts jack.
johansenmj 2 years ago 3
try -40 idiot
ajgolfer1 2 years ago 2
uhm.... you're a dumbass. the temp outside has to be like -25F and the water has to be 200F. watch youtube video wJ3CKgZEitw . that's the Weather Channel reporting from Mt. Washington, NH on a day where it was -37F and the water was 200F. water clearly freezes everytime when thrown into the air. YOUR video is the one that's BUSTED! retard.
jollydwarf 2 years ago
Try at -40F and yes if you watch the video closely it actually freezes. About half of it froze.
SuperSirius11 2 years ago
why the hell would it vaporize? it would freeze since the outside temperature is cold not hot.
dontclicktheusername 2 years ago
when was the claim "0 degrees". i heard lots about -24 to -40 degrees. try again in a better location, dipshit. you barely hit the freezing point.
DarklingAdolf 2 years ago
try -20 degres
timkalow 2 years ago 4
thats probably liquid nitrogen
thatOneAznKid 2 years ago
Depending on temeperatures, the water gets frozen in small pellets before it hits the ground.
agun17 2 years ago
it has to be in 10 degrees blow zero and thrown slight further + all of the water in that stuck together, so it didnt freeze fast enough.
rob64100 2 years ago
has to be waaay below zero
Itsnattatooma 2 years ago
Oh stop arguing.
He said it was plausible...
L3HNZ 2 years ago
you need to throw it harder so the water seperates you prick dead beat
jasonecc 2 years ago
still wouldn't work
patricksparks96 2 years ago
yes it would deadbeat
jasonecc 2 years ago
um, yes dont try and immitate the mythbusters.
on the other cases the temprature has not been 0 degres, it woudl have been far lower so that it coudl freeze each droplet fast.
sargeantneo1 2 years ago
i think it's because the air is still, a little more wind and the result might be different
Jeronicals 2 years ago
maybe if you somehow mangade to get it to aboslute zero then yeh it would work but just at 0 well thats never goign to work :L
jam724 2 years ago
At 0 nothing happens. Get it colder, and it does work. Doesn't even need to get CLOSE to absolute zero.
Anarkiados 2 years ago
like someone couldnt tell i was taking the piss
jam724 2 years ago
i'd say it has to be alot colder than 0degrees. your a moron.
soadx90 2 years ago 4
We did a test at FT. Greely Alaska in 1984 while I was a firefighter. The temp was -43 degrees. We set the tank heat on full on the fire truck with vents and valves closed. The temp hit 225 on the water. We cranked the pump up to 150psi and hit the deluge gun on medium fan pointed up 45 degrees. Nearly all turned to cloud with only a few drops hitting the ground. 500 gallons in one minute.
bbaker904 2 years ago 7
The air temp needs to be around -35F, and the water temperature needs to be truly boiling, at or above 212F. This test proves nothing.
BlenderSL 2 years ago 9
it has 2 be colder than zero degrees IDIOT
pooper2000 2 years ago 4
This has been flagged as spam show
copy this if you think he is gay
ReaLD3AL 2 years ago
it dosen't look cold enough out there
andeaver1937 2 years ago
that isnt boiling water. seconds after you take it off the boil, the tempature of the water will drop to around about 60c in 22c room tempature.
joecooper18 2 years ago
I suppose you brew your coffee at 60c then? L2 Physics
ethositachi 2 years ago
i dont brew coffee, i use instant coffee. i brew my tea, but not in boiling water. always best to get the water in the cup as soon as possible from the boil, but its never boiling water. get a themometer and try it
joecooper18 2 years ago
It has to be colder! Do it in Fairbanks, Alaska in mid-winter when it's -50.
Zedlav101 2 years ago
Chuck it above your head next time!
DairyNZ 2 years ago 2
stupid i know it does work shud be colder than that
Diaper1rash 2 years ago
copy this if you think he is gay
94yoyo 2 years ago
lol u people should me make your own mythbuster show
niceniggafigure 2 years ago
Gay?
AnalNapalmSocketFuck 2 years ago
UGHH NO shit lol of couse it wont freaze it has to be fuk cold
MAXJARDINE69a 2 years ago 3
idiot water freezes at below 0 degrees not at 0 degrees sharp try minus 20 or 30
christiaanrem 2 years ago
He's referring to 0 degrees FAHRENHEIT, not Celsius.
ElDoctorJanItor 2 years ago
Booooooooooo!
vinetari 2 years ago
I did this at -30 and it worked.
Go try it in Canada buddy!!
wawawewaryan 2 years ago 2
Yeah!
Bus7777 2 years ago
The myth is true, you have to have lower than zero degrees. What happens is the water turns into vapor first, and then instantly crystalizes. A similar process happens with snow.
neothemagical 2 years ago
u fag
DerrickForLife 2 years ago 4
Before you act like a smart person please remember high school. We did that in high school for heaven's sake and proved the myth true. Simple chemistry.
Paradoxmagic 2 years ago 4
It has to be pure, distilled water. Tap water doesn't go through superheating and supercooling effects.
Moron.
Ceraas 2 years ago
Yeah, the myth is at -30 your spit will freeze and crack when it hits the ground. I think at -40 it's supposed to crack mid-air. It was in an old novel about an artic explorer.
AdderSIG 3 years ago 2
nice jamie impression!
IhateJohnMayer 3 years ago 5
Why the hell would it vaporize? O_O
laurenandmia 3 years ago 3