I came to the conclusion that the universe cycles like this not to long ago. I did that without any influence from outside my own thoughts. It is cool to see others latching on to this advanced theory. Of course a few select humans have probably been thinking this for a looong time. Not a thought exclusive to the current time period I'm sure. One that I think will catch on though. Congrats on being a free thinker. Makes you actually feel better about what happens after you die right?
We can only speculate as we do not have the thinking power to solve the matter. Something must exist that we simply cannot comprehend. A theory is as far as we can go.
There is no question as well as answer of a god. The Reality is Infinity even if there is a vision it is a temporary in the absence of vision also Infinity is there. Those formulas made by human are also temporary because Physics, Chemistry and Biology changes Universally. It is Infinite Conversion human life is a micro part of this Conversion this is Infinite Reaction no one is creator nor destroyer nor controller. Finally this is Infinite Universal Reaction
Think about this, if the universe is infinite, and black holes and white holes do exist, what if we're just in another neck of the woods? A black hole trillions of miles away could have swallowed the matter that forms our little piece of the pie, and a white hole could have opened and funneled all that matter over. Like an air-lock, black hole swallows the matter, closes, and a white hole bursts open and spews said matter out, thus giving us an infinite amount of matter in an infinite universe.
@AwesomoKickass Perhaps I will read a book, but I'm sorry, where you offended by my question? I sense a great amount of hostility. I was only inquiring. It was a simple question. Thank you anyway.
Your hypothesis is not about an infinite universe it is about a finite universe that expands and collapse in a eternal cycle. This is nothing more than a spin on the classical Big Bang Theory.
There is an actual Infinite Theory and it goes something like this:
the universe is infinite in three dimensions and eternal. Space is not a empty vacuum and mater cannot exist without motion. Time is a measurement of space and mass is energy in a different form.
Your theory is the cyclic universe theory in another form. All the black holes will eventually find each other to form a super black hole. But how could that happen when space is expanding in a run-away expansion? The black holes of each galaxies would not be able to meet since they are all movings away from each other except galaxies that are close to each other like the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies.
dude what u talking about atoms are created every point in time obviously! universe is infinite it goes FOREVER always has no creation point or end just infinite possibilitys of atoms being put together and if what im saying is true that means there is a exact copy of us some were and not one but infinite also if thats true that means we technicaly live forever cuz some were we are alive wether 90 or 1 year old depends on the lining up of atoms .
To picture that, imagine that you are looking into a mirror. If your reality and the reflection reality (which is the exact opposite) united, all would turn to 0. That makes me conclude that these opposites can't unite, because if they could there would be no universe. That reminds me of atoms. Even thou the opposites attract each other (electrons and protons), they don't unite with each other. That is interesting because it makes you think... what makes them stop approaching each other?...
Following this logic, the "bigger" universes would be a product of the "smaller" universes combined. So, our own universe is at the same time composed of smaller universes and a part of bigger ones. That would result in a harmony that is infinite. However, in human mathematics, negative numbers exist. If the universe-mathematical relationship is correct, for each universe, there would be an exactly same-sized universe that would have the exact contrary properties, combining into 0...
So, all the universe and the infinity of universes can be explained through an understanding of the various existent numbers, through some sort of simplicity.
1 has infinite "parts", but it is also a "part" of number 2. Through this reasonable thought, you can understand that there are definitely more than one universe, you can understand that our universe along with other universes of the "same" density and "size" are located within other universes... "bigger" universes...
I would easily agree with your theory... it does make sense, and I also have the thought that theres not a beginning nor an end. however, I have a theory that would serve as some sort of continuation for you. Think of number 1. if you divide it you will never find an end, there will always be a number to be a "part" of number one.
In my opinion, humans did not create mathematics, we just gave names for it. The number 1 was a number 1 before we name it number one...
If the inflation from the singularity represents the beginning of time, then how can this happen a SECOND time? Isn't time the continuum on which events occur linearly?
@benwantstosk8 I don't believe linear time is important to the functions of the universe, in all probability time is just a rule, and like all rules it can be bent, I would go so far as to say that all rules can be bent and even broken, whether it's the law of gravity, physics, thermodynamics or any other well situated law of nature, they even recently were able to "Slow" down light beams, this was thought to be absolutely impossible before the break through, but now it's a reality.
@JuggernautJeep Time exists now because if it doesn't then we would all be in a permanent state. If the universe has existed forever, then today would be the day at the end of forever, which is impossible.
The intelligent people of this planet, demand a better opinion from more educated rationalists, who undergo seriouse transformating side effects from the drugs they had taken 6 months prior to wrighting this message. Fuck you! And have a nice day :)
In empty space virtual particles (which are real but short-lasting) are popping in and out of existence, breaking the law of conservation for short periods of time. Also other forms of so-called quantum fluctuations break the law of conservation for short periods of time.
It might interest you to know that many physicists think the total mass-energy content of the universe is zero (since e.g. gravitational fields can be looked upon as negative energy). And that it is foreseen by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that there is energy even in "empty" space, and that this later has been proven by experiments.
You seem smart, but: The universe is shown to be expanding at an accelerating rate because space is inflating. Already now things that are more then 10 billion light years away from each other are moving away from each other faster then the speed of light. Gravity also follows the speed of light! Due to dark energy the mainstream view is that the expansion of the universe will accelerate, and since the universe is "flat" it is thought that it otherwise would halt its expansion but not contract.
Nice theory, but it is not correct. The dark energy over dark matter ratio shows that the universe is expanding too quickly to ever re-collapse under gravity. It will expand forever until all matter is ripped apart and there is nothing but an absolute-zero temperature universe of nothing but energy.
@JuggernautJeep Look up stuff like Dark Energy, Dark Energy/Dark Matter, Fate of the Universe. The theory is called the Big Rip so look that up. Basically dark energy forces space to expand, expanding the universe (it is a form of vacuum energy so the vacuum constantly creates it through fluctuations and what-not) and dark matter is like any other matter, with gravity that attracts the space. When there is more dark energy it will expand forever every quickening until the universe rips apart.
our universe was created from a singularity pretty much the same way of a black hole, perhaps our universe and its matter was filtered from another universes black hole, through another dimension, and the black holes of our universe create new ones in another, sort of like a multiplyer,, infinate has got to exist, because there will always be something before the beginning. maybe something crazy like saying the universe is the make up of a larger stucture or being.
I agree that the universe may be infinite, but consider this: what if Hubble's observations are myopic? What if the the observable universe is a mere node that only now is expanding amidst an infinite number of nodes that alternately expand & contract? Do we base all our theories on our limited perceptions? In myopia, we'd conclude a Big Bang whether we detected either expansion or contraction. Answers lie in acceleration which we have little time to detect. Do we rely on red-shift only?
brilliant hybrid of super string theory and general relativity theory, im sold, i love it. matter cannot be destroyed completely nor can energy. as concious observers we view the universe as 4 dimensional. when it really is 11 dimensional superpositioned within infinite wave function that is our multiverse
Science really lacks evidence to back up any of these theory's. Since It seems that the idea of " In the Beginning" came from the Bible it then doesn't belong in science to "begin with". Science can test the here and now so scientists should experiment with that only.
I think this is a great theory, Matt. Like one big "life cycle" ... Who knows, maybe the universe is on it's 6 millionth "life cycle" by now. How many times has the universe expanded and collapsed? I wonder if humans have existed or were "created" on each life cycle? I need a beer!
AREA is not nothing it just has nothing.AREA is infinite and space/universe is expanding within it. sapce can occur within AREA.A big bang is not it's start. A big bang occurs when a star explodes or a black hole uncolapses due to forced induction (a bit like a turbo charger but with matter).Pictures gained via hubble have seen blackholes feeding and some of them biting more off than they can chew and spewing mass out the opposite side to the mass they are eating in jets! blackhole die in space
@KingDongable Sorry, I know that. Area is first space is in it. Do you see now I did say what you said? And actually I believe space is creating itself, as area has nothing. Space is in area and area is where things can happen. Once they have happened they are a system of there own and seperate from area. Area is infinate. Space has volume and can be measured
What you call none space is AREA, within it are space/universe. Space has a size/mass and can be measured at any point in time. Space has infinate expansion possibilities because AREA is infinate. AREA can contain many spaces/universes. AREA only has blotches of space, whereas space has all mass. Where space is AREA isn't any more. Area is infinate and space is expanding in size/mass and has infinate AREA to expand into. potential difference is space the first causes it. Once something happens
If you really and truly had this idea on your own, you may call it your theory. But since it already existed in academic papers (and presented also in various popular TV shows and books), you may join a community who shares the same idea. Anyway, the presentation was good, congrats.
Two things first this is not your theory it has existed for a while now haha, 2nd "your" theory has a huge flaw in it if the "infinite"point of singularity is truly infinite how can all matter in the universe exist inside black holes?
i believe that the creation and being of the universe is much more then humans are able to know because much of the factors of the universe are 4th dimensional and unobservable
Matt, this is truly deep and i think that if anyone ever manages to spin a chuck faster than you, all the surrounding matter will fall into the singularity.
Hang on a second there, while your theory is interesting, the fact is, Hawking radiation HAS been observed. That's how we were able to detect the presence of black holes and confirm their very existence outside of theory. One thing you may have working in your favor however is the fact that larger black holes emit radiation slower than small ones. There is the possibility of a sort of size/emission equilibrium, a black hole so big it can't omit radiation at all.
Pass that doobie Matt. So the Universe always also exists as an infinitely small point at all times, since that point exists within a timeless dimension! Wow! Great theory. It's not complex and it makes so much sense! You also explained it very well!
Thats some pretty deep thinking you have. I like the part about the black holes bringing the universe back to its starting point, almost as if it is some sort of cycle.
cos the law applies to whats in this time space, it cant of always been "there" in one form of other, cos timespace only happened after the bang, everything after the bang is subject to the law, but as the law cant go out of timespace it is futile to apply it to the pre big bang as timespace. plus u have a fully functional model, just because the model doesnt have an end or start INSIDE it, doesnt mean objectivly the model has a start....err lol, if u get that :S
but blackholes form and disapate all the time, andddddddd, ok exclude that you say it doesnt need a beggining, you say that matter cant be created or deleted, only changed, welll, where did the matter at the start come from, :D nice tho :P
thats the point,, it didnt come from anywhere :P it was always there in one form or another, why do we need creation if the 1st law of thermodynamics rules that creation or total destruction isnt possible?
What do you think about the universe being infinite in therms of Scale?
Do you think that there is a smallest particle? or do you think that there will always be some other smaller piece backing up a larger piece no matter how small it gets?
@erice161 LOLZ you contradicted your self like an idiot! Lmao!! You said that matter cant be created or destroyed and then asked how the matter got created! LOL
I came to the conclusion that the universe cycles like this not to long ago. I did that without any influence from outside my own thoughts. It is cool to see others latching on to this advanced theory. Of course a few select humans have probably been thinking this for a looong time. Not a thought exclusive to the current time period I'm sure. One that I think will catch on though. Congrats on being a free thinker. Makes you actually feel better about what happens after you die right?
stylz1 3 weeks ago
We can only speculate as we do not have the thinking power to solve the matter. Something must exist that we simply cannot comprehend. A theory is as far as we can go.
AdriansPunk 2 months ago
There is no question as well as answer of a god. The Reality is Infinity even if there is a vision it is a temporary in the absence of vision also Infinity is there. Those formulas made by human are also temporary because Physics, Chemistry and Biology changes Universally. It is Infinite Conversion human life is a micro part of this Conversion this is Infinite Reaction no one is creator nor destroyer nor controller. Finally this is Infinite Universal Reaction
nblackmatter 3 months ago
Think about this, if the universe is infinite, and black holes and white holes do exist, what if we're just in another neck of the woods? A black hole trillions of miles away could have swallowed the matter that forms our little piece of the pie, and a white hole could have opened and funneled all that matter over. Like an air-lock, black hole swallows the matter, closes, and a white hole bursts open and spews said matter out, thus giving us an infinite amount of matter in an infinite universe.
Waroftheworlds112 4 months ago
I'm sorry, but aren't black holes theoretical? We haven't actually seen one right? I'm just curious, I'm interested in physics
KingCajete 4 months ago
@KingCajete fucking read a book ffs!
AwesomoKickass 4 months ago
@AwesomoKickass Perhaps I will read a book, but I'm sorry, where you offended by my question? I sense a great amount of hostility. I was only inquiring. It was a simple question. Thank you anyway.
KingCajete 4 months ago
Your hypothesis is not about an infinite universe it is about a finite universe that expands and collapse in a eternal cycle. This is nothing more than a spin on the classical Big Bang Theory.
There is an actual Infinite Theory and it goes something like this:
the universe is infinite in three dimensions and eternal. Space is not a empty vacuum and mater cannot exist without motion. Time is a measurement of space and mass is energy in a different form.
mymojorisin 5 months ago
Your theory is the cyclic universe theory in another form. All the black holes will eventually find each other to form a super black hole. But how could that happen when space is expanding in a run-away expansion? The black holes of each galaxies would not be able to meet since they are all movings away from each other except galaxies that are close to each other like the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies.
csdr0 6 months ago in playlist Neil Tyson and Dawkins and Universe etc
@csdr0
black holes themselves affect spacetime.
MattChez 6 months ago
this is pretty amazing
EvoLn9nE 6 months ago
dude what u talking about atoms are created every point in time obviously! universe is infinite it goes FOREVER always has no creation point or end just infinite possibilitys of atoms being put together and if what im saying is true that means there is a exact copy of us some were and not one but infinite also if thats true that means we technicaly live forever cuz some were we are alive wether 90 or 1 year old depends on the lining up of atoms .
XxKenManxX 9 months ago
To picture that, imagine that you are looking into a mirror. If your reality and the reflection reality (which is the exact opposite) united, all would turn to 0. That makes me conclude that these opposites can't unite, because if they could there would be no universe. That reminds me of atoms. Even thou the opposites attract each other (electrons and protons), they don't unite with each other. That is interesting because it makes you think... what makes them stop approaching each other?...
daniel93382 1 year ago
Following this logic, the "bigger" universes would be a product of the "smaller" universes combined. So, our own universe is at the same time composed of smaller universes and a part of bigger ones. That would result in a harmony that is infinite. However, in human mathematics, negative numbers exist. If the universe-mathematical relationship is correct, for each universe, there would be an exactly same-sized universe that would have the exact contrary properties, combining into 0...
daniel93382 1 year ago
So, all the universe and the infinity of universes can be explained through an understanding of the various existent numbers, through some sort of simplicity.
1 has infinite "parts", but it is also a "part" of number 2. Through this reasonable thought, you can understand that there are definitely more than one universe, you can understand that our universe along with other universes of the "same" density and "size" are located within other universes... "bigger" universes...
daniel93382 1 year ago
I would easily agree with your theory... it does make sense, and I also have the thought that theres not a beginning nor an end. however, I have a theory that would serve as some sort of continuation for you. Think of number 1. if you divide it you will never find an end, there will always be a number to be a "part" of number one.
In my opinion, humans did not create mathematics, we just gave names for it. The number 1 was a number 1 before we name it number one...
daniel93382 1 year ago
I like this because in this , everything in infinite, infinite potential of creation, now that's amazing
kalel333 1 year ago
Infinite different universes= universe that opens portals that drop cupcakes in our universe.
Infinite different universes= A universe that stops the previous one.
rojo1312 1 year ago
Impossible you'll find.. is simply a limited human notion.
JuggernautJeep 1 year ago
If the inflation from the singularity represents the beginning of time, then how can this happen a SECOND time? Isn't time the continuum on which events occur linearly?
benwantstosk8 1 year ago
@benwantstosk8 I don't believe linear time is important to the functions of the universe, in all probability time is just a rule, and like all rules it can be bent, I would go so far as to say that all rules can be bent and even broken, whether it's the law of gravity, physics, thermodynamics or any other well situated law of nature, they even recently were able to "Slow" down light beams, this was thought to be absolutely impossible before the break through, but now it's a reality.
JuggernautJeep 1 year ago
@JuggernautJeep Time exists now because if it doesn't then we would all be in a permanent state. If the universe has existed forever, then today would be the day at the end of forever, which is impossible.
benwantstosk8 1 year ago
The intelligent people of this planet, demand a better opinion from more educated rationalists, who undergo seriouse transformating side effects from the drugs they had taken 6 months prior to wrighting this message. Fuck you! And have a nice day :)
challywang 1 year ago
@challywang oh dear, did the drugs also cause you to forget proper spelling?
AdriansPunk 2 months ago
In empty space virtual particles (which are real but short-lasting) are popping in and out of existence, breaking the law of conservation for short periods of time. Also other forms of so-called quantum fluctuations break the law of conservation for short periods of time.
TorBarstad 1 year ago
It might interest you to know that many physicists think the total mass-energy content of the universe is zero (since e.g. gravitational fields can be looked upon as negative energy). And that it is foreseen by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that there is energy even in "empty" space, and that this later has been proven by experiments.
TorBarstad 1 year ago
You seem smart, but: The universe is shown to be expanding at an accelerating rate because space is inflating. Already now things that are more then 10 billion light years away from each other are moving away from each other faster then the speed of light. Gravity also follows the speed of light! Due to dark energy the mainstream view is that the expansion of the universe will accelerate, and since the universe is "flat" it is thought that it otherwise would halt its expansion but not contract.
TorBarstad 1 year ago
This theory is bullshit. A lot of major misunderstandings and mistakes.
iambehindthemirror 1 year ago
@iambehindthemirror Example please.
JuggernautJeep 1 year ago
The energy came from the only word we can use to understand this concept, God. Very intuitive thinking! Love the ideas.
josh7elliott 1 year ago
Nice theory, but it is not correct. The dark energy over dark matter ratio shows that the universe is expanding too quickly to ever re-collapse under gravity. It will expand forever until all matter is ripped apart and there is nothing but an absolute-zero temperature universe of nothing but energy.
HaveFaithInScience 1 year ago
@HaveFaithInScience Please continue, do you have a link to further explain this theory?
JuggernautJeep 1 year ago
@JuggernautJeep Look up stuff like Dark Energy, Dark Energy/Dark Matter, Fate of the Universe. The theory is called the Big Rip so look that up. Basically dark energy forces space to expand, expanding the universe (it is a form of vacuum energy so the vacuum constantly creates it through fluctuations and what-not) and dark matter is like any other matter, with gravity that attracts the space. When there is more dark energy it will expand forever every quickening until the universe rips apart.
HaveFaithInScience 1 year ago
our universe was created from a singularity pretty much the same way of a black hole, perhaps our universe and its matter was filtered from another universes black hole, through another dimension, and the black holes of our universe create new ones in another, sort of like a multiplyer,, infinate has got to exist, because there will always be something before the beginning. maybe something crazy like saying the universe is the make up of a larger stucture or being.
winstonchurchil1945 1 year ago
Your theory I find beautiful - I cannot prove it or disprove it.
In fact both options : Universe has beginning or Does not have beginning drives me insane absolutely the same :-))
J0EH3AD 1 year ago
I agree that the universe may be infinite, but consider this: what if Hubble's observations are myopic? What if the the observable universe is a mere node that only now is expanding amidst an infinite number of nodes that alternately expand & contract? Do we base all our theories on our limited perceptions? In myopia, we'd conclude a Big Bang whether we detected either expansion or contraction. Answers lie in acceleration which we have little time to detect. Do we rely on red-shift only?
SIMKINETICS 1 year ago
brilliant hybrid of super string theory and general relativity theory, im sold, i love it. matter cannot be destroyed completely nor can energy. as concious observers we view the universe as 4 dimensional. when it really is 11 dimensional superpositioned within infinite wave function that is our multiverse
bazle64 1 year ago
Science really lacks evidence to back up any of these theory's. Since It seems that the idea of " In the Beginning" came from the Bible it then doesn't belong in science to "begin with". Science can test the here and now so scientists should experiment with that only.
KevinR242 1 year ago
The scenes moved by way too fast!
spiralshaman 1 year ago
I think this is a great theory, Matt. Like one big "life cycle" ... Who knows, maybe the universe is on it's 6 millionth "life cycle" by now. How many times has the universe expanded and collapsed? I wonder if humans have existed or were "created" on each life cycle? I need a beer!
VRWSKYDIVER 1 year ago
AREA is not nothing it just has nothing.AREA is infinite and space/universe is expanding within it. sapce can occur within AREA.A big bang is not it's start. A big bang occurs when a star explodes or a black hole uncolapses due to forced induction (a bit like a turbo charger but with matter).Pictures gained via hubble have seen blackholes feeding and some of them biting more off than they can chew and spewing mass out the opposite side to the mass they are eating in jets! blackhole die in space
bigstiggerNo1 2 years ago
@bigstiggerNo1 no the universe isn't expanding with in space, it's creating space.
KingDongable 1 year ago
@KingDongable Sorry, I know that. Area is first space is in it. Do you see now I did say what you said? And actually I believe space is creating itself, as area has nothing. Space is in area and area is where things can happen. Once they have happened they are a system of there own and seperate from area. Area is infinate. Space has volume and can be measured
bigstiggerNo1 1 year ago
What you call none space is AREA, within it are space/universe. Space has a size/mass and can be measured at any point in time. Space has infinate expansion possibilities because AREA is infinate. AREA can contain many spaces/universes. AREA only has blotches of space, whereas space has all mass. Where space is AREA isn't any more. Area is infinate and space is expanding in size/mass and has infinate AREA to expand into. potential difference is space the first causes it. Once something happens
bigstiggerNo1 2 years ago
If you really and truly had this idea on your own, you may call it your theory. But since it already existed in academic papers (and presented also in various popular TV shows and books), you may join a community who shares the same idea. Anyway, the presentation was good, congrats.
rennes6 2 years ago
Two things first this is not your theory it has existed for a while now haha, 2nd "your" theory has a huge flaw in it if the "infinite"point of singularity is truly infinite how can all matter in the universe exist inside black holes?
SanCodos 2 years ago
i believe that the creation and being of the universe is much more then humans are able to know because much of the factors of the universe are 4th dimensional and unobservable
buckeyefan2107 2 years ago
scientists actually do not believe that it started as oone point it is a misconception they believe it as more of an explosion of space.
buckeyefan2107 2 years ago
Matt, this is truly deep and i think that if anyone ever manages to spin a chuck faster than you, all the surrounding matter will fall into the singularity.
Keeponchuckin 2 years ago
Hang on a second there, while your theory is interesting, the fact is, Hawking radiation HAS been observed. That's how we were able to detect the presence of black holes and confirm their very existence outside of theory. One thing you may have working in your favor however is the fact that larger black holes emit radiation slower than small ones. There is the possibility of a sort of size/emission equilibrium, a black hole so big it can't omit radiation at all.
LordClydeofOMAR 2 years ago
could the universe be like a mandrelbot set.....forever more universes
kenectic 2 years ago
You could speculate it being at true absolute zero....to very very hot in an instant? big bang
pgm98387 2 years ago
Pass that doobie Matt. So the Universe always also exists as an infinitely small point at all times, since that point exists within a timeless dimension! Wow! Great theory. It's not complex and it makes so much sense! You also explained it very well!
angellife21 2 years ago
Thats some pretty deep thinking you have. I like the part about the black holes bringing the universe back to its starting point, almost as if it is some sort of cycle.
Funchaku 2 years ago
cos the law applies to whats in this time space, it cant of always been "there" in one form of other, cos timespace only happened after the bang, everything after the bang is subject to the law, but as the law cant go out of timespace it is futile to apply it to the pre big bang as timespace. plus u have a fully functional model, just because the model doesnt have an end or start INSIDE it, doesnt mean objectivly the model has a start....err lol, if u get that :S
erice161 2 years ago
but blackholes form and disapate all the time, andddddddd, ok exclude that you say it doesnt need a beggining, you say that matter cant be created or deleted, only changed, welll, where did the matter at the start come from, :D nice tho :P
erice161 2 years ago
"where did the matter at the start come from"
thats the point,, it didnt come from anywhere :P it was always there in one form or another, why do we need creation if the 1st law of thermodynamics rules that creation or total destruction isnt possible?
MattChez 2 years ago 3
i think this has already been a theory for a long time maybe the "big crunch theory"
kenny8331 2 years ago
@MattChez the loop you describe doesn't explain its own existence, therefore, it's not a complete theory.
musicmind9 9 months ago
@MattChez
Nice ,
What do you think about the universe being infinite in therms of Scale?
Do you think that there is a smallest particle? or do you think that there will always be some other smaller piece backing up a larger piece no matter how small it gets?
dudefrombelgium 4 months ago
@erice161 LOLZ you contradicted your self like an idiot! Lmao!! You said that matter cant be created or destroyed and then asked how the matter got created! LOL
MW2Addiction 7 months ago
Great Theory Bro :)
hapuzi 2 years ago
Cool song!
ashthegreat 2 years ago
cool!
jmvicuna 2 years ago