אזארבאג'אן וישראלים אחים לנצח

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Azerbaijan proclaimed his independence (328 B. C.) and thus preserved his kingdom (Media Minor, Strabo, xi, 13, 1) in the north-western corner of later Persia (cf. Ibn al-Muḳaffaʿ, in Yāḳūt, i, 172, and al-Maḳdisī, 375: Ād̲h̲arbād̲h̲ b. Bīwarasf). Name Azerbaijan called in Middle Persian Āturpātākān, older new-Persian Ād̲h̲arbād̲h̲agān, Ād̲h̲arbāyagān, at present Āzarbāyd̲j̲ān, Greek ᾿Ατροπατήνη (Atropatini), Byzantine Greek ᾿Αδραβιγάνων (Adraviganon), Armenian Ատրպատական (Atrapatakan), Syriac Ad̲h̲orbāyg̲h̲ān.

According to Xavier Planhol:
The name of the country is derived from that of the Achaemenian satrap of Media Atropates (Strabo 11.523) who was retained by Alexander in the government of western Media and preserved it under his successors, thus founding a principality which maintained itself in a state of independence or at least semi-independence until the second century B.C., and was only definitively reunited with the Persian empire under the Sasanian king of kings Shapur I along with Armenia (cf. Markwart, Eranshahr, pp. 111-12). From the name of this man comes the Greek forms (Atropatene, Atropatios Media [Strabo, loc. cit.], Tropatene [Ptolemy 6.2], the Armenian form Atrpatakan (Movses Khorenatsi, cf. Markwart. Eranshahr, pp. 108-14), the Middle Persian form Āturpātākān (cf. Schwarz, Iran, p. 960), the New Persian forms Ād̲harbāyjān and Ād̲arbāygān.

According to Professor K. Shippmann:
In the Achaemenid period Azerbaijan was part of the satrapy of Media. When the Achaemenid empire collapsed, Atropates, the Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in the northwest of this region in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor (e.g. Strabo 11.13.1; Justin 23.4.13). The Middle Persian form of the name was (early) Āturpātākān, (later) Ādurbādgān) whence the New Persian Ādarbāyjān.