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The birthday cake has been an integral part of the birthday celebrations in Western cultures since the middle of the 19th century. Certain rituals ...
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The birthday cake has been an integral part of the birthday celebrations in Western cultures since the middle of the 19th century. Certain rituals and traditions, such as singing of birthday songs, associated with birthday cakes are common to many Western cultures. The Western tradition of adding lit candles to the top of a birthday cake originates in 18th century Germany. However, the intertwining of cakes and birthday celebrations stretch back to the Ancient Romans. The development of the birthday cake has followed the development of culinary and confectionery advancement. As this technology improved, decorations gained importance and the appearance of birthday cakes became as important as its taste.[1] While throughout most of Western history, these elaborate cakes in general were the privilege of the wealthy, birthday cakes are nowadays common to most Western birthday celebrations. Around the world many variations on the birthday cake, or rather the birthday pastry or sweets, exist.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Contemporary rituals and traditions
3 Candles
4 Birthday pastry cultural variations
5 See also
6 References
[edit] History
In classical Roman culture, 'cakes' were served at special birthdays. However, these cakes did not resemble contemporary cakes in the least. They were simply flat rounds made with flour containing nuts, leavened with yeast, and sweetened with honey. In early Europe, the words for cake and bread were virtually interchangeable; the only difference being that cakes were sweet while bread was not.[2][3]
Over time, the discipline of confectionery developed and by the 15th century, cakes became ornate, multi-layer showpieces decorated with marzipan and sugar sculptures; the appearance of a cake became just as important as its taste. During the 17th century, the birthday cake took on more or less its contemporary form[2]. However, these elaborate cakes, which possessed many aspects of contemporary cakes (such as layers and decorations), were only available to the very wealthy. Birthday cakes became more and more proletarianized as a result of the industrial revolution, as materials and tools became more advanced and more accessible. This is evidenced by the introduction of the first commercial boxed cake mix by Duff and Sons in England in the 1920s.[4] Professionals were no longer required and with the right resources, a home cook could have much success in producing relatively elaborate cakes.
The contemporary commercially produced North American birthday cake is usually a multi-layer affair, each layer separated with various fillings, usually covered with icing. A birthday greeting is often added to the top of the cake. The variations on the birthday cake are enormous; cakes can be chemically leavened, or leavened with beaten egg whites; they can be round or rectangular - in short, there is no common form.
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